我國新冠病毒疫苗怎么打？有效期多久？

國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制12月19日的新聞發(fā)布會表示，在冬春季節(jié)到來之際，對部分重點(diǎn)人群開展新冠病毒疫苗接種工作，后續(xù)爭取做到高風(fēng)險人群“應(yīng)接盡接”。

國藥集團(tuán)一名工作人員展示新冠滅活疫苗樣品(圖片來源：新華社)

In a two-step vaccination drive, the COVID-19 vaccines will be given first to priority groups, including those engaged in handling imported cold-chain products and people working in exposed sectors such as port inspection and quarantine, ship pilotage, aviation, fresh market, public transport, medical treatment, and disease control, Cui Gang, an official with NHC's disease control department, said at a press conference.The vaccination program will also cover those who plan to work or study in countries and regions with medium or high risks of exposure to the virus, Cui added.

國家衛(wèi)生健康委疾控局負(fù)責(zé)人崔鋼介紹，我國目前接種的策略是按照“兩步走”方案，第一步主要是針對部分重點(diǎn)人群開展接種，這些人群包括從事進(jìn)口冷鏈、口岸檢疫、船舶引航、航空空勤、生鮮市場、公共交通、醫(yī)療疾控等感染風(fēng)險比較高的工作人員，以及前往中高風(fēng)險國家或者地區(qū)去工作或者學(xué)習(xí)的人員。

【單詞講解】

關(guān)于“疫苗”的幾個詞，vaccine就是“疫苗”本身，vaccinate就是“注射疫苗、接種疫苗”這個動作，而其名詞形式vaccination就是“接種疫苗”這件事。動詞inoculate在表示“接種(疫苗)”這個意思的時候與vaccinate是可以互換使用的，其名詞形式是inoculation，不過inoculate還可以表示“灌輸(思想)”，常用的搭配是inoculate someone with，比如：The teacher inoculated them with the idea that the individual can always make a difference in this world.(老師給他們灌輸?shù)乃枷胧?，個人是可以給這個世界帶來改變的。)

Next, with COVID-19 vaccines officially approved to enter the market or the yield of vaccines improving steadily, China will put more vaccines into use, inoculating the eligible population as widely as possible, Cui said.

第二步，隨著疫苗正式批準(zhǔn)上市，疫苗產(chǎn)量逐步提高，將會有更多的疫苗投入使用。符合條件的群眾都能實(shí)現(xiàn)“應(yīng)接盡接”。

【單詞講解】

Eligible這個詞在閱讀和寫作中經(jīng)常用到，可以用作動詞或名詞表示“符合條件的(人);合適的(結(jié)婚對象)”，比如：you are not eligible for unemployment benefits since you are not really out of work(你并不是完全失業(yè)，所以沒有資格領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)金)。His mother is keen to find him an eligible within a short period of time.(他母親著急想在短時間內(nèi)給他找個合適的對象)。

我國疫苗研發(fā)處于全球第一方陣

疫情發(fā)生以后，我國布局了五條技術(shù)路線，推進(jìn)疫苗研發(fā)。目前，按照世界衛(wèi)生組織統(tǒng)計，我國進(jìn)入臨床試驗的疫苗和進(jìn)入三期臨床的疫苗，都處于全球第一方陣。

More than one million doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been distributed for emergency inoculation use since July.The emergency vaccinations were given to people with high exposure risks on the premise of voluntary, informed consent.

7月以來，在高風(fēng)險暴露人群自愿、知情、同意的前提下，我國已經(jīng)累計完成100多萬劑次緊急接種疫苗工作。

After strict monitoring and observation, no serious adverse reactions took place.

經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的不良反應(yīng)監(jiān)測和追蹤觀察，沒有出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的不良反應(yīng)。

目前，我國進(jìn)展比較快的疫苗已經(jīng)獲得了三期臨床試驗中期需要的病例數(shù)，近期已經(jīng)在向國家藥監(jiān)局提供相關(guān)材料。

If the vaccine's (performance) statistics reach the required standards, the medical products administration will approve it for the market, and then our vaccine will be produced and rolled out more quickly, because we have already prepared for mass production.

如果數(shù)據(jù)達(dá)到相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，國家藥監(jiān)部門將會批準(zhǔn)附條件上市或者上市，我國的疫苗將會更快地普及，更快地提高產(chǎn)量，我國已做好大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的準(zhǔn)備。

新冠疫苗有效期多長?

國家衛(wèi)生健康委副主任曾益新表示：

It is too early to conclude whether the Chinese vaccines can offer lifelong immunity or protection for five to 10 years like many other viral vaccines.

我國新冠疫苗保護(hù)期能不能像很多病毒性疫苗一樣，能夠終身免疫，或者至少保護(hù)五年十年，還不能下這個結(jié)論。

"However, there is little doubt that Chinese COVID-19 vaccines can offer protection for at least six months based on existing evidence," he said, adding that this standard is on par with the requirement by the World Health Organization.

當(dāng)前證據(jù)顯示，疫苗保護(hù)期，按世衛(wèi)組織的規(guī)定要求的半年以上，基本上沒有太多的疑問。

【單詞講解】

這里的on par with有時候也寫作on a par with，表示“與...標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(水平)一致”，比如：His new book is on par with his best sellers.(他的新書跟他其他的暢銷書水平相當(dāng))。

Optimistically speaking, it would be unlikely for the public to need to routinely take COVID-19 vaccines once every six months to one year, like flu shots, because the flu virus mutates very quickly and there may be a different strain every year causing an outbreak.

流感疫苗每年打一次，是因為流感病毒變異特別快，每年不同的亞型在流行。新冠疫苗不存在半年或者一年要重新再接種一次，比較樂觀的估計，可能性不大。

"Although we believe the COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective, we advise the public to maintain personal hygiene and protection, including wearing masks, washing hands and practicing social distancing," he said.

雖然我們相信新冠疫苗是安全有效的，但是大家要繼續(xù)維持個人衛(wèi)生和防護(hù)措施，包括戴口罩、勤洗手、保證社交距離等這些好習(xí)慣。

This is because no vaccine can guarantee 100 percent protection, and people should not lower their guard, especially not before herd immunity has been established, he added.

目前為止還沒有任何一個疫苗說保護(hù)率達(dá)到百分之百的。特別是在當(dāng)前群體免疫還沒有建立起來的情況下，即使打了疫苗，防護(hù)措施仍然不能減。

疫苗去哪打?

國家衛(wèi)生健康委疾控局負(fù)責(zé)人崔鋼表示，

Usually, the vaccination units are located in health service centers, township clinicss or general hospitals, local governments have been requested to publish information on vaccination services in a timely manner.

通常情況下，接種單位都是設(shè)在轄區(qū)的衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院或者綜合醫(yī)院，已經(jīng)要求各地及時公布接種服務(wù)信息。

Others who have not been vaccinated for the time being need not worry. Wearing masks in public places, practicing social distance and washing hands are protective measures that have been proven to be very effective.

其他暫時沒有接種的群眾也不用擔(dān)心。做好個人防護(hù)，在公共場所戴好口罩、保持社交距離、勤洗手等，這些措施都被證明非常有效。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

藥品和疫苗研發(fā) drug and vaccine development

隨機(jī)試驗 random trial

雙盲試驗 double-blind trial

安慰劑對照試驗 placebo-controlled trial

免疫系統(tǒng) immune system