資料圖(來源:東方IC)
Postgraduate students who commit fraud in their graduation dissertations or theses will be recorded in the national social credit system, a new guideline said on Tuesday. The guideline, jointly issued by the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance, asked universities and research institutes to intensify their efforts to crack down on academic misconduct.
教育部、國家發(fā)展改革委員會以及財政部聯(lián)合發(fā)布的意見要求高校及研究機構加大對學術不端行為的打擊力度,并提出,研究生學位論文作假行為將被納入全國信用信息共享平臺。
【單詞講解】
首先說明一點,這里的theses是thesis一詞的復數(shù)形式。接著我們說一說大學里的各種“論文”。Paper可以指課程論文,或某個具體研究在會議或者期刊上發(fā)表的論文,如term paper(學期論文), course paper(課程論文), research paper(研究論文)。Essay的含義較廣,既可指幾千字的短篇論文,也可以指散文或者雜文。
學位論文的用詞在英式英語和美式英語中截然不同:英式英語里,本科和碩士論文都叫dissertation,博士論文叫thesis;而美式英語則完全反過來,本科和碩士論文叫thesis,博士論文叫dissertation。
“學術不端”(academic misconduct)的一般性界定為:高等學校及其教學科研人員、管理人員和學生,在科學研究及相關活動中發(fā)生的違反公認的學術準則、違背學術誠信的行為。
2016年,教育部發(fā)布《高等學校預防與處理學術不端行為辦法》,第一次以部門規(guī)章的形式對高等學校預防與處理學術不端行為做出規(guī)定。
《辦法》中明確的六種“學術不端”情形包括:剽竊、抄襲、侵占他人學術成果(plagiarism),篡改他人研究成果(fabrication or alteration of research results),偽造數(shù)據(jù)或捏造事實(data falsification),不當署名(inappropriate authorship),提供虛假學術信息(providing false or misleading information),買賣或代寫論文(academic paper selling or ghostwriting)等。同時授權高等學??梢越Y合學校實際,自行規(guī)定六類之外的學術不端情形。
意見提出,將從教、學、評、管四方面杜絕學位“注水”。
Education authorities should increase the percentage of students going through random dissertation inspection, and should revoke the accreditation of disciplines that fail to ensure the quality of such works, it said.
擴大學位論文抽檢比例,對無法保證質量的學科或專業(yè)學位類別,撤銷學位授權。
It also asked universities and research institutes to impose stricter evaluation standards for supervisors, including their work ethic, academic performance and efforts in supervising students.
高校和研究機構要嚴格導師選聘標準,將師德師風、學術水平、指導精力投入等納入導師評價考核體系。
Academic integrity should be an important part of postgraduate education and training for supervisors, and dissertation writing guidance should be compulsory for all students, the guideline said.
將學術誠信作為導師培訓和研究生培養(yǎng)的重要內(nèi)容,把論文寫作指導課程作為必修課。
【相關詞匯】
研究生教育 postgraduate education
本科教育 undergraduate education
考研 national postgraduate entrance examination
學分 academic credits
輔修專業(yè) academic minor
主修專業(yè) academic major