打破慣例！北斗系統(tǒng)新技術(shù)超過70%

BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3)

2017年6月9日，參觀者在第二十屆中國北京國際科技產(chǎn)業(yè)博覽會上參觀展出的北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)模型。(圖片來源：新華社)

國務(wù)院新聞辦公室于2020年8月3日上午10時(shí)舉行新聞發(fā)布會，請中國衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)管理辦公室主任、北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)新聞發(fā)言人冉承其等介紹北斗三號全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)建成開通有關(guān)情況，并答記者問。

The State Council Information Office of China held a press conference on Monday on the completion and commissioning of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3).

北斗三號工程衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)總師林寶軍介紹說，衛(wèi)星發(fā)射上天以后硬件沒有辦法更改了，要通過在軌賦能技術(shù)解決后面問題。

Lin Baojun, a chief designer of Beidou's third-generation satellite, said at a news conference on Monday in Beijing that once a satellite is launched, it is virtually impossible for its hardware to be modified, so designers and engineers need to optimize its operating system and inject new functions into the spacecraft on a regular basis.

就好像手機(jī)一樣，手機(jī)可以通過軟件升級來更新系統(tǒng)，我們可以下載一個(gè)新的APP，增加新的能力，我們這種能力在衛(wèi)星上叫做“軟件重構(gòu)和在軌賦能”，當(dāng)衛(wèi)星有了這種能力之后，衛(wèi)星在發(fā)射上天后就可以完成性能、能力的持續(xù)改進(jìn)。

"This is like what we do with our mobile phones – we download a new app to give the phone more functions," said the designer from the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Innovation Academy for Microsatellites. "With this method, our satellites will be able to receive regular improvement in orbit."

在工程設(shè)計(jì)之初，我們打破以往新技術(shù)不超過30%的慣例，在配置上盡量進(jìn)行前瞻性的規(guī)劃，盡量采用一系列的創(chuàng)新技術(shù)。我們的新技術(shù)甚至超過70%，像當(dāng)今新技術(shù)不斷涌現(xiàn)、系統(tǒng)更新周期很快的情況下，這種做法更有利于提高系統(tǒng)的性能。

Usually, a satellite will employ no more than 30 percent of new technologies to guarantee low technical risks, but in some Beidou satellites, as much as 70 percent of their technologies had been new to such spacecraft.

公開資料顯示，北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(BDS)是中國自行研制的全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，自上世紀(jì)80年代開始探索。北斗“三步走”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略分別為：1994年開始，建設(shè)北斗一號系統(tǒng);2004年開始，建設(shè)北斗二號系統(tǒng);2009年開始，建設(shè)北斗三號系統(tǒng)。

6月23日，北斗系統(tǒng)第五十五顆導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星，同時(shí)也是北斗三號最后一顆全球組網(wǎng)衛(wèi)星成功發(fā)射，相比原計(jì)劃提前半年完成部署。至此，北斗三號全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)正式建成。

China's BeiDou navigation project started in 1994. The launch of the last BDS-3 constellation satellite from Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Southwest China's Sichuan province marks China's completion of its self-developed BeiDou satellite constellation.

2020年6月23日，北斗三號最后一顆全球組網(wǎng)衛(wèi)星順利進(jìn)入預(yù)定軌道，發(fā)射任務(wù)取得圓滿成功。(圖片來源：中國日報(bào)網(wǎng))

目前，北斗相關(guān)產(chǎn)品已出口120余個(gè)國家和地區(qū)，向億級以上用戶提供服務(wù)，基于北斗的國土測繪、精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)、數(shù)字施工、智慧港口等已在東盟、南亞、東歐、西亞、非洲成功應(yīng)用。

Beidou products have been exported to more than 120 countries and regions, providing services to over 100 million users.

【相關(guān)詞匯】

國務(wù)院新聞辦 State Council Information Office of China

北斗三號全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng) BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3)

空間導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng) space-based navigation system

衛(wèi)星 satellite

助推火箭 booster rocket

發(fā)射場 launch site

可重復(fù)使用運(yùn)載火箭 reusable carrier rocket

衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航 satellite navigation