“共和國(guó)勛章”和國(guó)家榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)建議人選公示 屠呦呦、袁隆平等入選

今年是中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年，黨中央決定，首次開(kāi)展國(guó)家勛章(the Medal of the Republic)和國(guó)家榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)(national titles of honor)集中評(píng)選頒授，隆重表彰一批為新中國(guó)建設(shè)和發(fā)展作出杰出貢獻(xiàn)的功勛模范人物。

Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin, at her home in Beijing. [Photo/Xinhua]

Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin, has been nominated for China's Medal of the Republic.

因發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素而獲得2015年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的我國(guó)科學(xué)家屠呦呦入選“共和國(guó)勛章”建議名單。

Besides Tu, seven other role models have been nominated for the honor, including Zhang Fuqing, a 94-year-old war hero who served as a soldier in the Chinese People's Liberation Army during the Liberation War (1946-49) and was twice awarded the title of "Combat Hero", and Yuan Longping, a Chinese agricultural expert who is also called the "father of hybrid rice".

除屠呦呦以外，入選“共和國(guó)勛章”建議名單的還有94歲的張富清以及我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)專家、“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平等七人。張富清在解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的槍林彈雨中多次榮立戰(zhàn)功，榮獲“戰(zhàn)斗英雄”稱號(hào)兩次。

Another 28 figures have been nominated for a national honorary title.

另有28人入選國(guó)家榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)建議人選。

Nan Rendong was the chief scientist of the project. [Photo provided to China Daily]

Among the candidates are Nan Rendong, the founding scientist of China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST); Tung Chee-hwa, the first chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; and Cheng Kaijia, a nuclear weapons expert who participated in experiments of the country's first atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and the combination of the two bombs.

其中包括500米口徑球面射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡(FAST)工程概念提出者南仁東，香港特別行政區(qū)首位行政長(zhǎng)官董建華，以及我國(guó)核武器事業(yè)的開(kāi)拓者、參與和主持首次原子彈、氫彈試驗(yàn)，以及“兩彈”結(jié)合飛行試驗(yàn)的核武器專家程開(kāi)甲。

【我國(guó)的功勛榮譽(yù)表彰體系】

自黨的十八大以來(lái)，為建立起中國(guó)特色功勛榮譽(yù)表彰體系，黨中央確立了“1+1+3”的制度建設(shè)方案。即，黨中央制定一個(gè)指導(dǎo)性文件，全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)制定一部法律，有關(guān)方面分別制定黨內(nèi)、國(guó)家、軍隊(duì)3個(gè)功勛榮譽(yù)表彰條例。

當(dāng)前，中國(guó)確立了以“五章一簿”為主干的統(tǒng)一、規(guī)范、權(quán)威的功勛榮譽(yù)表彰制度體系。

“五章”是指“共和國(guó)勛章(the Medal of the Republic)”、“七一勛章(the July 1 Medal)”、“八一勛章(the August 1 Medal)”、“友誼勛章(the Friendship Medal)”以及國(guó)家榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)(national titles of honor);“一簿”是指功勛簿(Book of Merit)。

“共和國(guó)勛章(the Medal of the Republic)”

授予為黨、國(guó)家和人民的事業(yè)作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)、功勛卓著的杰出人士(those with great contributions and distinguished service for the Party, the country and the people)，這是根據(jù)憲法法律規(guī)定，由全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)決定、國(guó)家主席簽發(fā)證書(shū)并頒授的國(guó)家勛章，是國(guó)家最高榮譽(yù)(the highest honor of the country)。

“七一勛章(the July 1 Medal)”

授予在中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大事業(yè)和黨的建設(shè)新的偉大工程中作出杰出貢獻(xiàn)的黨員(CPC members who have made great contributions to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the construction of the CPC)，這是由中共中央決定、中共中央總書(shū)記簽發(fā)證書(shū)并頒授的黨內(nèi)最高榮譽(yù)(the highest honor of the CPC)。

“八一勛章(the August 1 Medal)”(于2017年7月28日首次頒授)

授予在維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，推進(jìn)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中建立卓越功勛的軍隊(duì)人員(servicemen and women who have strongly safeguarded the country's sovereignty, national security and benefit, and who have made outstanding contributions to the development of national defense and the modernization of the military)，這是由中央軍委決定、中央軍委主席簽發(fā)證書(shū)并頒授的軍隊(duì)最高榮譽(yù)(the highest honor of the military)。

2017年7月28日，在中國(guó)人民解放軍建軍90周年之際，中央軍委首次頒授“八一勛章”，麥賢得、馬偉明、李中華、王忠心、景海鵬、程開(kāi)甲、韋昌進(jìn)、王剛、冷鵬飛、印春榮等同志為第一批榮獲“八一勛章”的同志。

“友誼勛章(the Friendship Medal)”(于2018年6月8日首次頒授)

授予為我國(guó)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)和促進(jìn)中外交流合作、維護(hù)世界和平作出杰出貢獻(xiàn)的外國(guó)人(foreigners who have made outstanding contributions to China's socialist modernization drive, promoted exchange and cooperation between China and the world, and helped maintain world peace)，為國(guó)家最高榮譽(yù)。

2018年6月8日，國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平向俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京授予首枚“友誼勛章”。

國(guó)家榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)(national titles of honor)

授予在經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、國(guó)防、外交、教育、科技、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育等各領(lǐng)域各行業(yè)作出重大貢獻(xiàn)、享有崇高聲譽(yù)的杰出人士(prominent figures who have made great contributions and earned reputations in fields such as economy, society, national defense, diplomacy, education, science, culture, health and sports)。

功勛簿(Book of Merit)

為記載上述功勛榮譽(yù)獲得者及其功績(jī)(to keep a record of these medal recepients and their achievements)，還專門(mén)設(shè)立了黨、國(guó)家、軍隊(duì)功勛簿。