良渚古城遺址申遺成功 實(shí)證中華五千年文明史

北京時(shí)間7月6日下午，在阿塞拜疆首都巴庫(kù)舉行的聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織第43屆世界遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì)會(huì)議上，隨著大會(huì)主席阿布法斯·加拉耶夫落槌，位于浙江杭州的“良渚古城遺址”成功列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。

良渚國(guó)家考古遺址公園。(圖片由杭州良渚遺址管理區(qū)管理委員會(huì)提供)

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Committee inscribed China's Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City on the World Heritage List as a cultural site on Saturday, bringing the total number of World Heritage Sites in China to 55, the highest in the world.

7月6日，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì)將中國(guó)世界文化遺產(chǎn)提名項(xiàng)目“良渚古城遺址”列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。至此，中國(guó)世界遺產(chǎn)總數(shù)達(dá)到55處，位居世界第一。

【單詞講解】

Inscribe這個(gè)詞的本意是“雕、刻”，刻上去的文字一般會(huì)保留很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，所以這個(gè)詞也有“寫(xiě)入、記錄”之意，即to write, engrave, or print as a lasting record或者to enter on a list，常用的搭配除了上文中的inscribe something on something (as...)以外，還有inscribe something with...，比如：They inscribed the monument with the soldiers' names.(他們把戰(zhàn)士們的名字刻在紀(jì)念碑上。)

聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織官網(wǎng)對(duì)良渚古城遺址的介紹是這樣的：

Located in the Yangtze River Basin on the south-eastern coast of the country, the archaeological ruins of Liangzhu (about 3300-2300 BCE) reveal an early regional state with a unified belief system based on rice cultivation in Late Neolithic China. The property is composed of four areas – the Area of Yaoshan Site, the Area of High-dam at the Mouth of the Valley, the Area of Low-dam on the Plain and the Area of City Site. These ruins are an outstanding example of early urban civilization expressed in earthen monuments, urban planning, a water conservation system and a social hierarchy expressed in differentiated burials in cemeteries within the property.

位于中國(guó)東南沿海長(zhǎng)江三角洲的良渚古城遺址(約公元前3300-2300年)向人們展示了新石器時(shí)代晚期一個(gè)以稻作農(nóng)業(yè)為支撐、具有統(tǒng)一信仰的早期區(qū)域性國(guó)家。該遺址由4個(gè)部分組成：瑤山遺址區(qū)、谷口高壩區(qū)、平原低壩區(qū)和城址區(qū)。通過(guò)大型土質(zhì)建筑、城市規(guī)劃、水利系統(tǒng)以及不同墓葬形式所體現(xiàn)的社會(huì)等級(jí)制度，這些遺址成為早期城市文明的杰出范例。

鳥(niǎo)瞰良渚國(guó)家考古遺址公園。(圖片由杭州良渚遺址管理區(qū)管理委員會(huì)提供)

國(guó)際古跡遺址理事會(huì)(the International Council on Monuments and Sites ，ICOMOS)指出：

It is considered to be a supreme achievement of prehistoric rice-cultivating civilization of China and East Asia over 5,000 years ago and an outstanding example of early urban civilization.

該遺址被視為5000多年前中國(guó)及東亞史前稻作文明的卓越成就，是早期城市文明的杰出范例。

以良渚古城為核心的良渚遺址是良渚文明的中心，遺存類型豐富，遺址格局完整，揭示了中華文明國(guó)家起源的基本特征，為中華五千多年文明史提供了最完整、最重要的考古學(xué)物證(the most concrete testimony of 5,000 years of Chinese civilization)。

英國(guó)知名考古學(xué)家科林·倫福儒(Colin Renfrew)曾在2013年和2017年兩赴良渚古城遺址參觀考察，對(duì)那里發(fā)掘的有5000年歷史之久的玉器和大型水利工程遺跡印象深刻。他說(shuō)：

The importance of findings from the Neolithic Age in China has been greatly underestimated. Cong and bi unearthed from the Liangzhu historical site represent a unity of values in the region. The complexity of society in Liangzhu was on par with that of a country. This is the origin of Chinese civilization.

中國(guó)的新石器時(shí)代考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性被嚴(yán)重低估了。在良渚遺址出土的琮和璧代表該地區(qū)統(tǒng)一的價(jià)值體系。良渚的社會(huì)復(fù)雜性相當(dāng)于一個(gè)國(guó)家。這就是中華文明的起源。

Viewed from a global perspective, Liangzhu has brought the origin of the state and society in China to a level equal to that of civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and India.

從全球來(lái)看，良渚使中國(guó)國(guó)家和社會(huì)的起源達(dá)到與埃及、美索不達(dá)米亞以及印度文明相同的水平。

The historical site at the Liangzhu dam might be the earliest one in the world.

良渚壩區(qū)遺址可能是世界上最早的。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

文化遺產(chǎn) cultural heritage

非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn) intangible cultural heritage

文化多樣性 cultural diversity

傳統(tǒng)文化教育 traditional culture education

國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)繼承人 inheritor of national intangible cultural heritage

世界遺產(chǎn)名錄 World Heritage List

申遺 bid for the World Heritage List

文化資源整合 integration of cultural resources

保護(hù)世界文化和自然遺產(chǎn)公約 Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage