怎樣在求職過(guò)程中增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)

University graduation has come and gone and despite all the talk of it being the hottest job market in years for new graduates, you’re still on the sidelines. You’ve sent out dozens of CVs and submitted countless applications. Still, nothing.

大學(xué)畢業(yè)生來(lái)來(lái)往往，盡管人們都說(shuō)對(duì)于應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生而言這是這么多年來(lái)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)最火熱的一年，而你仍然只是個(gè)旁觀者。你發(fā)了很多簡(jiǎn)歷，提交了無(wú)數(shù)申請(qǐng)，仍然一無(wú)所獲。

Panic sets in. You start to think all that study was for nothing.

你開(kāi)始慌了，開(kāi)始考慮是不是上了那么多年學(xué)什么用都沒(méi)有。

With little real experience on your resume, what can you do to increase your odds of landing your dream position and to make yourself more attractive to employers?

在簡(jiǎn)歷沒(méi)什么工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)可寫(xiě)的情況下，你能夠做什么來(lái)增加自己獲得夢(mèng)寐以求工作的機(jī)會(huì)，來(lái)使自己在雇主面前更具吸引力呢?

Treat it like a job

把它當(dāng)作一份工作

"The best advice is simple, but job seekers rarely follow it," said Ginger Porter, managing director of the Dallas and Atlanta offices at global communications firm Golin, in an email. "Start every day like it’s your work day."

“最佳建議很簡(jiǎn)單，但是求職者很少遵循。”全球公關(guān)公司Golin在達(dá)拉斯和亞特蘭大辦事處的總經(jīng)理金杰波特在郵件中寫(xiě)道。“像工作日那樣開(kāi)始你的每一天。”

Don’t lounge around in your PJs all day while binge-watching your favourite shows. Get dressed in the morning with the idea that you have somewhere you need to be: looking for a job.

不要成天穿著睡衣閑逛還刷你最?lèi)?ài)的劇。早上穿好衣服，腦子里想著你有地方要去：找工作。

Porter suggests writing a list of every person you know, or can think of in your chosen field. These should be people you can approach who might be able to help with your job search. Ask each one of them for short coffee dates, or even a brief phone chat or email response. Don’t ask for a job.

波特建議可以列一張清單，寫(xiě)下在你求職領(lǐng)域里認(rèn)識(shí)的或能想到的所有人。這些應(yīng)當(dāng)是你能夠接觸到并且有可能幫你找工作的人。和每個(gè)人約個(gè)短暫的喝咖啡時(shí)間，或者甚至打一通簡(jiǎn)單的電話或郵件回復(fù)也可以。不要開(kāi)口要工作。

"Talk to each of them about what you’re looking for, and be specific: ‘I’m looking for a position with this kind of employer where I can use my skills in XYZ. Do you have any advice for me?’" said Porter. "People will make the time to give advice, and it’s better than booking their time to ask for a job."

“和他們每個(gè)人談?wù)撃阍趯で笫裁?，注意要具體化：‘我在找一個(gè)這種類(lèi)型的公司職位，這樣我可以用到我的XYZ技能。請(qǐng)問(wèn)能否給我一些建議?’”波特說(shuō)。“人們會(huì)花時(shí)間給你提建議，這比占用他人時(shí)間開(kāi)口要工作好得多。”

If you’re meeting in person, present yourself professionally — after all, you’re asking for help and possibly a personal referral. Arrive prepared with examples of how you’ve successfully used your skills in the past, whether it was for a school project or an internship. Your aim is to impress. Before you leave, ask the person if there is anyone to whom they might be able introduce you. Follow the same process with those people.

如果你約對(duì)方當(dāng)面談，那么要表現(xiàn)地很專(zhuān)業(yè)-畢竟，你是在尋求幫助以及可能的推薦人。提前準(zhǔn)備好你以前如何成功利用自己的技能完成學(xué)校項(xiàng)目或者實(shí)習(xí)任務(wù)的案例。你的目標(biāo)是給對(duì)方留下深刻印象。臨走前，詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是否可以把你推薦給他人。接下來(lái)每個(gè)人都如法操辦。

"It’s an exponential effect," said Porter. "You could potentially talk to 100 people this way, and I guarantee that out of that group of people, someone has the perfect job that fits your skills."

“這是一種指數(shù)效應(yīng)。”波特說(shuō)。“你可以用這種方式和100個(gè)人交談，我敢保證在這些人里一定有人能為你提供適合你的完美工作。”

Outside your comfort zone

走出舒適區(qū)

If you are getting interviews but they are outside the field you studied and not really of any interest to you, take time to gain more work experience in your field, according to Prague-based Oliver Donoghue, managing director of the Nonstop Recruitment Schweiz AG talent agency. And that may mean taking a position slightly different than you hoped for.

如果你去面試，但發(fā)現(xiàn)它不是你的專(zhuān)業(yè)范圍而且你也不是很感興趣，那么花時(shí)間在你的領(lǐng)域多積累些工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，據(jù)招聘直通車(chē)瑞士股份公司人才機(jī)構(gòu)總經(jīng)理-在布拉格工作的奧利弗多諾霍說(shuō)。而這可能意味著你得做一份與你的預(yù)期略有不同的工作。

"It doesn’t have to be anything game-changing. Even a brief stint at a relevant organisation will be enough to show employers that you’re serious about your career and want to gain some professional experience," he said.

“它不一定是全新的。在相關(guān)公司待過(guò)哪怕是很短的一段時(shí)間也足夠向雇主證明你對(duì)你的事業(yè)是嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的，想要獲得一些工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。”他說(shuō)。

Presenting yourself on paper

以書(shū)面形式展示自己

If you did any internships while in school that were related to your field of interest, don’t just list them. Instead, showcase them through a portfolio of the work you did while at the job, suggested Payal Vasudeva, a managing director in Accenture’s Strategy division in the London office.

如果你在校期間有過(guò)任何和你感興趣的工作領(lǐng)域相關(guān)的實(shí)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，不要僅僅羅列出來(lái)，而是通過(guò)一系列工作中的成果展示出來(lái)，埃森哲咨詢公司戰(zhàn)略部倫敦辦總經(jīng)理帕耶爾瓦蘇德瓦建議。

"Being able to demonstrate specific job skills, whether through an internship, volunteer work or extracurricular activities, increases your chances of landing that job," she said in an email.

“有能力展示出具體的工作技能，不論是實(shí)習(xí)期間、志愿工作或課外活動(dòng)的工作技能，都能夠增加你獲得該職位的機(jī)會(huì)。”她在郵件中寫(xiě)道。

If you need to improve your CV, consider volunteering or taking vocational courses that boost your skill set to match the demands of the jobs you’re applying for. "Employers will be looking for any signs that you’ve gone above and beyond the call of duty to improve your skill set, and gaining additional experience can make a world of difference," said Donoghue.

如果你需要提升自己的簡(jiǎn)歷，不妨考慮做些志愿工作或報(bào)名職業(yè)課程來(lái)增加你的技能，以滿足你所申請(qǐng)的工作崗位的要求。“雇主方會(huì)仔細(xì)尋找任何能夠證明你超越職位要求努力提升工作技能的線索，而有額外的經(jīng)驗(yàn)則大不相同。”多諾霍說(shuō)。

There’s a simple way to do this: take training courses in digital and productivity tools, even if you aren’t going into a digital field. These tools are crucial now and into the future and therefore essential to master, according to Austin, Texas-based Sharon Schweitzer, an etiquette and cross-cultural consultant.

有個(gè)方法很簡(jiǎn)單：利用數(shù)碼工具和產(chǎn)能工具來(lái)參加訓(xùn)練課程，即使你不打算進(jìn)入數(shù)碼領(lǐng)域。這些工具目前至關(guān)重要，將來(lái)也有很大發(fā)展，因此掌握它非常關(guān)鍵，據(jù)禮節(jié)和跨文化咨詢師、來(lái)自德克薩斯的沙侖史懷哲奧斯汀說(shuō)。

"We understand you know how to use Pokémon Go, but employers want to know if you have social media skills in other areas, such as Instagram, Tumblr, YouTube, and Twitter," said Schweitzer. "Polish your technical skills."

“我們知道你會(huì)玩口袋精靈，但雇主想知道你是否在其他領(lǐng)域有社交媒體技巧，比如Instagram，Tumblr，YouTube以及Twitter。”史懷哲說(shuō)。“要磨練你的專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)。”

Once you’ve done so, show them off when it comes to your own online presence. “You are the digital natives who turn to smartphones and social media for everything, from talking to friends to shopping,” said Accenture’s Vasudeva. "As you enter this next chapter of your life in the professional world, check out job listings on career board apps. Use LinkedIn and other social channels to network and show off your expertise and industry knowledge."

一旦你這么做了，當(dāng)談到你的個(gè)人線上表現(xiàn)時(shí)就可以向?qū)Ψ届乓环?ldquo;你是個(gè)數(shù)字原住民，任何事都可以向智能手機(jī)和社交媒體求助，從和朋友聊天到網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物。”埃森哲咨詢公司的瓦蘇德瓦說(shuō)。“當(dāng)你進(jìn)入人生下一個(gè)篇章-職業(yè)領(lǐng)域時(shí)，你在求職app里搜索職位信息。利用LinkedIn和其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)社交渠道來(lái)展現(xiàn)你的專(zhuān)業(yè)性和對(duì)行業(yè)知識(shí)的了解。”

Lots of skills, little experience

技能多，經(jīng)驗(yàn)少

If you don’t have any real work experience, consider switching to a skills-based CV, suggested UK-based Sally Walker, an international career coach with SW Career Coaching, in an email. Use the first page to lay out up to five transferable job skill headings relevant to the role for which you are applying. Under these headings, create bullet-pointed achievement statements which provide evidence of the skill.

如果你真的沒(méi)有任何實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，那么考慮轉(zhuǎn)向以技能為主的簡(jiǎn)歷，來(lái)自英國(guó)SW職業(yè)指導(dǎo)的國(guó)際職業(yè)教練莎莉沃克在郵件中建議。簡(jiǎn)歷第一頁(yè)列出至少五點(diǎn)與你申請(qǐng)的職位相關(guān)的可遷移職業(yè)技能標(biāo)題。在這些標(biāo)題下，重點(diǎn)陳述能夠證明該技能的成就和證據(jù)。

"Try to include the key action that you took as well as quantifying the results wherever possible," said Walker. For example, under "Organisation and Planning," you could include organising a charity event during university. Describe it in a way that highlights your achievements. For example: "Initiated and set up all of the organisation for [title of event] for 35 participants, which raised over ?5,000 for charity. Involved preparing advertising materials, liaising with university grounds staff and arranging marshals."

“試著涵蓋你所做的關(guān)鍵行動(dòng)，并盡可能將結(jié)果量化呈現(xiàn)。”沃克說(shuō)道。例如，在“組織和計(jì)劃”標(biāo)題下，你可以例舉在大學(xué)組織的慈善活動(dòng)。用一種能夠突出你個(gè)人成就的方式組織語(yǔ)言。例如：“為[活動(dòng)名稱(chēng)]發(fā)起并創(chuàng)建了組織機(jī)構(gòu)，召集了35位參與者，為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌款達(dá)5000英鎊。期間參與廣告材料準(zhǔn)備、與大學(xué)工作人員保持聯(lián)絡(luò)以及會(huì)場(chǎng)安排調(diào)度等工作。”

Networking never out of style

社交永遠(yuǎn)不過(guò)時(shí)

Networking is still a great way to get on the radar of potential employers, said Donoghue. But if you don’t have the time — or inclination — to attend in-person events, it can also be done online through platforms such as LinkedIn and Xing.

社交仍然是找到潛在雇主的好方法，多諾霍說(shuō)。但如果你沒(méi)時(shí)間-或不喜歡-參加面對(duì)面的活動(dòng)，也可以通過(guò)LinkedIn和Xing等網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)參加。

But, be warned that there is no substitute for meeting someone face-to-face and you’ll have to get out there at some point. If you do go the online route, ensure your digital presence matches across the board, from LinkedIn to your online CV.

然而要注意，沒(méi)什么能夠替代面對(duì)面和他人交流，某個(gè)時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)你還是得出去和對(duì)方碰面。如果你確實(shí)希望在網(wǎng)上完成，要確保你的線上表現(xiàn)各方面保持一致，從LinkedIn到你的個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷。

"Make sure your profile is up to scratch before looking to engage with firms and hiring managers and that it covers your full job history and any additional experience or skills that you may have gained," said Donoghue.

“在將簡(jiǎn)歷投給公司或招聘經(jīng)理前，要確保你的簡(jiǎn)歷合格，確保它涵蓋了你所有的工作經(jīng)歷以及所有你后來(lái)增加的額外工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)或技能。”多諾霍說(shuō)。

Expand your horizons

擴(kuò)展眼界

If you are still coming up empty after applying for jobs, consider careers that are on the "fringe" of your area of study. For example, at NonStop where Donoghue works, there are now team members with Master’s degrees who recruit in their fields of expertise, and there have also been recruiters with PhDs.

如果四處求職后仍然一無(wú)所獲，那么就把職業(yè)當(dāng)作你學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的“邊緣”。比如，在多諾霍就職的NonStop公司，現(xiàn)在就有碩士學(xué)位的員工專(zhuān)門(mén)招聘他們專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)領(lǐng)域的人才，也有獲得博士學(xué)位的招聘人員。

"The opportunities won’t always be directly connected to what you studied, and sometimes you need to take a step in a different direction to get ahead in your career," he said.

“機(jī)會(huì)并不總是直接與你的專(zhuān)業(yè)相連，有時(shí)候你需要換一個(gè)不同的方向才能在事業(yè)上有所前進(jìn)。”他說(shuō)。