VOA慢速英語:匯款很重要但會(huì)扭曲經(jīng)濟(jì)

匯款很重要但會(huì)扭曲經(jīng)濟(jì)

From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.

Many immigrants send small amounts of money - called "remittances" - home to friends and family. But those small amounts of money together add up to a lot, consider that there are about 200 million international migrants.

這里是VOA慢速英語經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)道。很多移民寄少量的錢給自己國家的朋友或家人，這叫“匯款”。但是考慮到有2億的國際移民，你就會(huì)知道這些少量的錢聚集在一起就是很多錢。

In 2013, migrants around the world sent $400 billion back to their home countries, that is much more than official aid to many countries. For some nations, it is the biggest provider of foreign exchange.

在2013年世界各地的移民就寄回他們的祖國4000億，這要比很多國家的官方援助多很多。對于一些國家來說，這些匯款就是他們最大的外匯來源。

Jean Claude Kazadi and his wife Myriam came to the United States from the Democratic Republic of Congo. They quickly began sending money home after they arrived. They wanted to help family members left behind.

讓·克勞德·卡扎蒂和他的妻子米麗婭姆從剛果民主共和國來到美國。他們到那不久就開始往家里寄錢。他們想幫助留在剛果的家人。

"We believe in supporting each other. We believe in supporting our parents, specifically, and we believe in supporting our brothers and sisters," Kazadi said.

卡扎蒂說：“我們認(rèn)為家人應(yīng)相互扶持。更重要的是要贍養(yǎng)父母，照顧好兄弟姐妹。”

Jean Claude Kazadi is a doctor who works on HIV Aids for Catholic Relief Services in Maryland. He often visits the Democratic Republic of Congo, and he hopes he is helping Africans with his work. But he knows the $400 he sends to his parents every month is important.

讓·克勞德·卡扎蒂是美國馬里蘭州的天主教艾滋病救濟(jì)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)醫(yī)生。他經(jīng)?；貏偣?，他希望可以通過自己的工作來幫助非洲人。但是他知道他每月要寄給父母的400美元對父母很重要。

Economist Adolfo Barajas of the International Monetary Fund(IMF) has studied remittances for ten years. He has seen their effects on economies.

國際貨幣基金組織的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家阿道夫·巴拉哈斯研究匯款已經(jīng)10年了，他深知匯款對經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。

"They have been growing tremendously from 1990 to 2010; they grew more than sevenfold," Barajas said.

巴拉哈斯說:“從1990年到2010年匯款數(shù)目一直在急劇上升，已經(jīng)增長了7倍多。”

Mr. Barajas says a huge migration has driven this flow of money to countries around the world. But he says there are problems with governments receiving large amounts of money. They may use the money less effectively.

巴拉哈斯先生稱，大批的移民推動(dòng)世界各國之間的資金流動(dòng)。但是，這些接收到大量資金的國家政府存在問題，他們可能不能有效的利用這筆資金。

Economists have said that remittances help families who receive them by increasing their income. But there is a concern that the income into a national economy will cause its money to increase in value. In turn, a country's exports can become more costly and less competitively.

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家稱，匯款可以幫助收到錢的家庭增加收入，但是也有令人擔(dān)憂之處，就是匯款進(jìn)入一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，將會(huì)使這個(gè)國家的貨幣升值，反過來說就是，這個(gè)國家的出口商品會(huì)變得越來越貴，而且會(huì)越來越缺乏競爭力。

However, economists agree that remittances affect the receiving country's economy in good ways. Dilip Ratha is a remittance expert with the World Bank. He says remittances help improve people's lives.

然而，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家一直認(rèn)為匯款會(huì)給接收匯款的國家?guī)砗玫挠绊?。世界銀行的匯款專家迪利普·拉塔說，匯款可以改善人們的生活。

"They provide incomes, they provide a lifeline for people, they reduce poverty, they provide funding for business investment, human capital investments, education, health," Ratha said.

拉塔說：“這些匯款會(huì)提高居民收入，為人們救急救難，縮減貧困，為人們商業(yè)投資，人力投資，教育，和醫(yī)療等提供了資金。”

Economists say that private investors leave when countries are in conflict. But Dilip Ratha says remitters like the Kazadis of the Democratic Republic of Congo continue to send assistance.

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家稱，當(dāng)一個(gè)國家處于戰(zhàn)爭沖突時(shí)，私人投資家會(huì)離開這個(gè)國家。迪利普·拉塔稱，但是像剛果的卡扎蒂這樣的匯款者會(huì)繼續(xù)寄錢進(jìn)行援助。

"Because that is precisely when the needs of the families left behind increase. And to meet those needs, migrants send money home," says Ratha.

拉塔說：“因?yàn)檫@個(gè)時(shí)候恰恰是家里人更需要援助的時(shí)候，為了滿足家里人的需求，移民們就會(huì)往家里寄錢。”

For Myriam and Jean Claude Kazadi, it is a simple case of showing their parents that they have not forgotten them.

米麗婭姆和卡扎蒂的事，就是一個(gè)表示他們沒有忘記父母的簡單例子

And that is the Economics Report from VOA Learning English. I'm Mario Ritter.

以上就是今天的慢速英語經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)道，我是馬里奧·里特。