VOA慢速英語: 組織論文（雙語）

寫大學(xué)論文

This is the VOA Learning English EDUCATION REPORT.

這里是美國之音慢速英語的教育報道。

Many students say there is no easy way to write college papers. This may be especially true if English is not your first language. Most teachers agree that there is no single correct way to create a personal essay or research paper. But there are methods to help you structure your papers.

許多大學(xué)生說寫論文沒那么容易，特別是對于那些英語不是母語的人來說，更不易。大多數(shù)老師一致同意沒有什么單一、又正確的方法寫一篇個人短文或者研究論文。但是有辦法幫助你寫論文結(jié)構(gòu)。

One way often used to structure writing is the traditional five-paragraph essay. Many students learn this form in middle and high school. The paragraphs follow conventions or established rules.

寫作結(jié)構(gòu)通常用到的是傳統(tǒng)的五段短文，很多學(xué)生從初高中開始學(xué)習(xí)這種形式，段落有既定的規(guī)則。

The first paragraph is introductory. It tells the reader what the paper is about. It is followed by three paragraphs containing evidence that support the writer's argument. The final paragraph is the conclusion. It provides a reasoned opinion based on the evidence.

第一段是引言。告訴讀者論文講的是什么，緊接著三段論述論據(jù)支持作者的論點。最后一段是總結(jié)，基于論據(jù)提出一個理性的觀點。

Allison Cummings teaches English at Southern New Hampshire University. She is among many professors who find this form too simple for college work. Still, on the positive side, Ms. Cummings says the five-paragraph essay form teaches a student some tools for writing a paper. She says the form teaches the need for the opening statement or thesis. This thesis tells the reader what will come next.

艾莉森·卡明斯在南部新罕布什爾大學(xué)教英語，許多老師包括她都覺得這種形式的論文對大學(xué)生來說太簡單了。不過從積極的方面來說，卡明說五段的論文模式教給學(xué)生寫論文的一些寫作模式。她說這個“五段”的論文模式適合需要開篇點題的論文。論題會告訴讀者接下來會說些什么。

In addition students who have learned to write a five-paragraph essay know they must provide evidence. And Ms. Cummings says the writer will know a conclusion is required.

除此之外，學(xué)生了解到寫五段的論文必須給出論據(jù)?？魉拐f作者給出論據(jù)就需要有個結(jié)論。

But she also says the five-paragraph essay falls far short of college writing needs.

但是她還表示一個五段的論文模式遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到大學(xué)的寫作要求。

“Most of the subjects that students are asked to write about are going to involve more paragraphs, and more points and more complexities.”

“學(xué)生問到的問題涉及到論文中包含更多的段落、論點和更錯綜復(fù)雜的論文結(jié)構(gòu)。”

So if a traditional method for structuring a research paper does not work, what steps can help you structure your writing. Ms. Cummings’ students learn several ways to organize their papers. The pace at which they learn differs.

那么如果傳統(tǒng)的寫作研究論文的結(jié)構(gòu)行不通，那采取什么方法來寫作論文結(jié)構(gòu)呢？卡明斯的學(xué)生學(xué)到多種方法來組織論文，與以往學(xué)到的方法不同。

Ms. Cummings says doing research for a paper help some students in their writing. The teacher says noting the way the research is structured can help students organize their own writing.

卡明斯說為論文做些研究能夠幫助學(xué)生寫作，老師指出研究結(jié)構(gòu)有助于學(xué)生組織他們的寫作。

“They will read articles and see what other people argue about whatever issues they are writing on and get a sense of what the points out there, what the debates are out there, and then let that structure what they come up with.”

“他們會讀些文章，看別人寫的文章里談?wù)摰降膯栴}，然后從中得到論點，論據(jù)，然后思考一下他們能想到的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)。”

Allison Cummings offers sample outlines -- examples for organizing papers.

艾莉森·卡明斯給學(xué)生提供寫作、組織論文結(jié)構(gòu)的樣本。

“If they want to use them, they are free to follow that kind of standard template.”

“如果他們想用這些寫作樣本結(jié)構(gòu)，可以模仿這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模板。”

Ms. Cummings also provides her students with examples of successful and unsuccessful student papers. That way her class can see what works in a piece of writing and what does not.

卡明斯還給學(xué)生提供一些成功的學(xué)生論文樣本和一些失敗的學(xué)生論文樣本。這樣學(xué)生能明白那一種寫作摸板可以借鑒使用，哪一種模板不合適。

And that's the VOA Learning English EDUCATION REPORT. I'm Jerri Watson.

這是美國之音慢速英語的教育報道。我是杰瑞·瓦特森。