VOA慢速英語:Building a Windbreak to Protect Crops
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By VOA
18 November, 2013
From VOA Learning English, this is the Agriculture Report.
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USDA/NRCSWindbreaks in North Dakota |
Soil conservation methods help farmers protect their land from the damage caused by farming and the forces of nature. One method of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants. Farmers plant these barriers around their fields.
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Windbreaks help prevent the loss of soil.
They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops.
Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. These studies found that grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without them.
But here is something interesting about windbreaks. They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away.
For this reason, a windbreak works best if it contains only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak.
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APA white pine tree in Bradford, New Hampshire |
There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. One line should be large trees. The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks.
Studies have shown that some kinds of trees can grow well even if the quality of the land is not very good. One kind of tree is the white pine. Another is the loblolly pine.
Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus trees can be cut down and used or sold for wood.
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Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture. They can provide grazing animals with shade from the sun.
And that's the Agriculture Report from VOA Special English. You can learn English and stay informed with our website chinavoa.com. You can get more information about windbreaks and other forms of soil conservation at enterpriseworks.org. I'm Bob Doughty.
From VOA Learning English, this is the Agriculture Report.
這里是美國之音慢速英語農(nóng)業(yè)報道。
Soil conservation methods help farmers protect their land from the damage caused by farming and the forces of nature. One method of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants. Farmers plant these barriers around their fields.
各種土壤保護的辦法可以幫助農(nóng)民防止其土地受到耕作和大自然力量的損害。土壤保護的辦法之一是采用防風林。防風林是由樹木和其它植物形成的屏障，農(nóng)民在其農(nóng)田四周種植防風林。
Windbreaks help prevent the loss of soil.
防風林有助于防止土壤流失。
They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops.
它們可以防止風把土壤吹走，還能防止風損毀莊稼。
Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. These studies found that grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without them.
防風林在保護糧食作物方面極具價值。例如，關于西非部分地區(qū)防風林的研究已經(jīng)完成。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與沒有防風林的農(nóng)田相比，防風林保護下的農(nóng)田的糧食收成增長了20%以上。
But here is something interesting about windbreaks. They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away.
但關于防風林還有一些有趣的東西。似乎允許部分風穿過農(nóng)田周圍的樹木或植物屏障時，防風林起到的效果反而更好。如果不允許風穿過，那么貼近地面的風就會吹起土壤，這樣土壤就會被風吹走。
For this reason, a windbreak works best if it contains only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak.
出于這個原因，如果防風林只包含60%到80%的可以組成一道堅固防線的樹木或植物，它所起到的效果最好。要記住一個簡單的原則，防風林可以保護的農(nóng)田寬度可以達到其最高樹木高度的十倍。
There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. One line should be large trees. The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks.
每片防風林至少要有2行。其中一行是大樹，挨著的另一行可以是矮樹或其他帶葉子的植物。當?shù)厣L的樹木或植物被認為是建造防風林的最佳選擇。
Studies have shown that some kinds of trees can grow well even if the quality of the land is not very good. One kind of tree is the white pine. Another is the loblolly pine.
有研究表明，某些種類的樹木即使在貧瘠的土壤也能生長得很好。其中一種是白松，另一種是火炬松。
Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus trees can be cut down and used or sold for wood.
防風林不僅可以保護土地和農(nóng)作物免受風災。多余的樹木還能砍下來用作木材或出售。
Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture. They can provide grazing animals with shade from the sun.
樹木能夠減少風雨的破壞性影響。它們的根系有助于防止土壤流失。同時樹木能夠為農(nóng)業(yè)提供另一種極具價值的服務，他們能夠為放牧牲畜提供蔭涼處。
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