考研英語閱讀:研發(fā)經(jīng)費普降
研發(fā)經(jīng)費普降
Research and development spending at major companies declined last year for the first time in more than a decade, according to a survey by management consulting firm Booz & Co.
管理咨詢公司Booz & Co.的一項調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，去年大公司在研發(fā)方面的投入出現(xiàn)了10 多年以來的首次下降。
The cuts last year were concentrated in auto, computing, electronics and industrial companies, some of the biggest spenders.
對研發(fā)支出作出削減的行業(yè)主要包括汽車、計算機、電子和工業(yè)企業(yè)，其中有幾家公司是世界上最舍得在研發(fā)上花錢的公司。
‘The world-wide recession finally caught up with the world’s top innovation spenders in 2009,’the Booz report says, adding that‘the most forward-looking companies will likely move quickly to restore the R&D cuts they made in 2009.’
“2009 年，全球范圍的衰退終于對世界上在創(chuàng)新方面支出最多的公司產(chǎn)生了影響。” Booz 的調(diào)查報告說，“最有遠見的公司可能很快就會恢復2009年削減的研發(fā)費用。”
Total 2009 R&D spending by the companies surveyed declined 3.5% from a year earlier to $503 billion.
接受調(diào)查的公司2009 年研發(fā)支出總額為5,030 億美元，較一年前下降3.5%。
Roche Holding AG had the biggest spending total last year, at $9.12 billion. It was followed by Microsoft Corp. with $9.01 billion and Nokia Corp. at $8.24 billion.
去年研發(fā)支出最多的是羅氏公司，研發(fā)費用91.2 億美元，其次是微軟，研發(fā)費用90.1 億美元，諾基亞，研發(fā)費用82.4 億美元。
Toyota Motor Corp. ’s R&D spending totaled $7.82 billion, and Pfizer Inc. had $7.74 billion.
豐田汽車公司研發(fā)支出總額為78.2 億美元，輝瑞制藥有限公司支出為77.4 億美元。
Booz also found that heavy spending on R&D doesn’t necessarily lead to recognition as a technology leader.
Booz 的調(diào)查還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在研發(fā)方面投入越多的公司并不一定被看做科技領(lǐng)頭羊。
In a survey of more than 450‘innovation executives’from 400 companies representing $150 billion in annual R&D spending, Booz asked them to name the companies they considered‘most innovative.’
Booz 對來自400 家公司的450 多名研發(fā)管理者進行了調(diào)查，這些公司的年度研發(fā)支出總計1,500 億美元。Booz 讓他們列出他們認為“最有創(chuàng)新精神”的公司。
The three most frequently chosen by respondents were Apple Inc., Google Inc. and 3M Co., none of which was among the 10 biggest spenders on R&D in 2009.
結(jié)果他們選出的公司是蘋果、谷歌和3M Co。而這三家公司2009 年的研發(fā)支出都沒有進入前十。
Apple last year spent about 3.1% of its sales on R&D, or about half the typical level for computer and electronic companies, said Barry Jaruzelski, a partner at Booz, and yet Apple’s R&D appears to be far more effective than that of many rivals.
Booz 公司合伙人雅魯澤爾斯基說，蘋果去年的研發(fā)支出僅占銷售額的3.1%左右，大約是電腦和電子產(chǎn)品公司平均水平的一半。但蘋果公司用小錢辦大事，他們研發(fā)工作的有效性超過了很多競爭對手。
‘It’s much more about how you do it than how much you spend,’Mr. Jaruzelski said.
雅魯澤爾斯基說，做事的方式比花多少錢更重要。
Apple succeeds because it has a deep understanding of consumers, is focused in its projects ‘as opposed to trying to spread their bets,’and attracts superior talent, he said.
蘋果成功的原因在于，它并不專注于一味擴大規(guī)模，而是更關(guān)注消費者的需求，并且吸引一流的人才。
