托福閱讀題型：圖表填空題例題解題方法

　　12. Directions: Complete the table below by indicating which features of fishes are associated in the passage with reducing water resistance and which are associated with increasing thrust. This question is worth 3 points.

　　Features of Fishes

　　1. The absence of scales from most of the body

　　2. The ability to take advantage of eddies

　　3. The ability to feed and reproduce while swimming

　　4. Eyes that do not protrude

　　5. Fins that are stiff, narrow, and smooth

　　6. The habit of swimming with the mouth open

　　7. A high, narrow tail with swept-back tips

　　這道托福閱讀題要求對(duì)比文章中的某兩個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容，有的托福閱讀文章是全文的對(duì)照對(duì)比，有的文章是重點(diǎn)段落的對(duì)照對(duì)比。這種題目需要先識(shí)別要求對(duì)比的內(nèi)容，并且從原文中搜尋對(duì)應(yīng)的文章段落。本題要求對(duì)比REDUCING WATER RESISTANCE和INCREASING THRUST，因此我們先通過(guò)讀每段的關(guān)鍵句來(lái)確定對(duì)比內(nèi)容所在段落。通過(guò)檢索我們發(fā)現(xiàn)以下兩個(gè)段落對(duì)應(yīng)本題：

　　第三自然段：Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have made streamlining into an art form. Their bodies are sleek and compact. The body shapes of tunas, in fact, are nearly ideal from an engineering point of view. Most species lack scales over most of the body, making it smooth and slippery. The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all. They are also covered with a slick, transparent lid that reduces drag. The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours. Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight for the same reason.

　　本段重點(diǎn)陳述了減少水阻力的幾種設(shè)計(jì)，通過(guò)對(duì)于本段的精讀我們發(fā)現(xiàn)陰影處信息可對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)145.

　　第八自然段：There are adaptations that increase the amount of forward thrust as well as those that reduce drag. Again, these fishes are the envy of engineers. Their high, narrow tails with swept-back tips are almost perfectly adapted to provide propulsion with the least possible effort. Perhaps most important of all to these and other fast swimmers is their ability to sense and make use of swirls and eddies (circular currents) in the water. They can glide past eddies that would slow them down and then gain extra thrust by "pushing off" the eddies. Scientists and engineers are beginning to study this ability of fishes in the hope of designing more efficient propulsion systems for ships.

　　托福閱讀試題的種類很多，這都需要大家來(lái)通過(guò)托福閱讀文章學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行積累，這樣托福閱讀才能在以后的學(xué)習(xí)中獲得更多的提高。