托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實例解析：暗箱設備產生圖像的方式

　　The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper,were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice.

　　詞匯講解：

　　camera obscura n. 暗箱

　　pinhole n. 小孔，針孔

　　topographical /?t?p?'ɡræfik?l/ adj. 地形上的，地形學的

　　結構劃分：

　　The images (produced by the camera obscura), (a boxlike device) (that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper), were already familiar—the device had been much employed (bytopographical artists) (like the Italian painter Canaletto) (in his detailed views of the city of Venice).

　　深度分析：

　　這個句子的主干就是The images were already familiar

　　本句中的斷句請?zhí)貏e注意一下，主語和謂語被非謂語動詞以及從句隔開了。

　　修飾一：(produced by the camera obscura) ，非謂語動詞，修飾the images

　　中文：由暗箱所產生的

　　修飾二：(a boxlike device) ，同位語

　　中文：盒裝設備

　　修飾三：(that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper) ，從句，修飾a boxlike device)

　　中文：用一個小孔或透鏡把一張圖像投射到一塊毛玻璃或一張紙上

　　修飾四：(by topographical artists) ，介詞短語

　　中文：通過地形藝術家

　　修飾五：(like the Italian painter Canaletto)，介詞短語

　　中文：像意大利畫家Canaletto

　　修飾六：(in his detailed views of the city of Venice)，介詞短語

　　中文：在詳細呈現威尼斯風景時

　　參考翻譯：

　　由暗箱(一種盒裝設備，用一個小孔或透鏡把一張圖像投射到一塊毛玻璃或一張紙上)所產生的圖像已經很熟悉了——這種設備已經被地形藝術家使用，例如意大利畫家Canaletto在詳細呈現威尼斯風景時使用了這種設備。