托福閱讀送分題型詞匯題得分秘訣

　　童鞋，看了這個(gè)標(biāo)題的前半截你是不是有點(diǎn)激動(dòng)?送分呢!(寶寶們聚集起來(lái)!)但是看到是詞匯題，詞匯量少的寶寶是不是又有點(diǎn)絕望(寶寶們別著急散去啊!)。詞匯題正是閱讀題型中“難者不會(huì)，會(huì)者不難”神一樣的存在。今天我們就來(lái)一窺究竟吧!找找那些被你忽視的解題線索。

　　詞匯量少的寶寶可看好了哦!

　　最易忽視的線索1：與詞匯搭配的介詞。

　　任何詞性的單詞與介詞搭配，詞義都由介詞的詞義定。舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子：seek for/search for/hunt for/look for，都由for 來(lái)搭配，雖然四個(gè)動(dòng)詞從詞義上來(lái)說(shuō)有區(qū)別，但都是表示找尋什么，也是因?yàn)榻樵~for的作用。For有表“目標(biāo)”的意思。

　　TPO1-2

　　24. But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous theater.

　　The word “penchant” in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Compromise B. Inclination C. Tradition D. Respect

　　解析：介詞for可以用來(lái)表示“去向，趨勢(shì)”。比如：I’ll leave for Chicago tomorrow.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里面B具有明顯的趨向性，所以答案為B。

　　DELTA EXERCISE

　　When hoisted up in the sky, the microscopic particles act as multiple surfaces on which the moisture in clouds can condense as tiny droplets.

　　The word “hoisted”in the passage is close in meaning to

　　A. Lifted B.Grouped C. Returned D. Pointed

　　解析：介詞up可以用來(lái)表示“在……上面”,所以答案為A。

　　TPO1-3

　　37. This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged with cementing chemicals; also, parts of the original grains may become dissolved by percolating ground water…

　　The word “plugged”in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. washed B. dragged C. filled up D. Soaked through

　　解析：介詞with可以用來(lái)表示“在一起、用、有”。plugged 所在句子句意大致為：原本的顆粒之間的縫隙并沒(méi)有完全被粘性的化學(xué)物質(zhì)所XX。鑒于有with，可以猜測(cè)是因?yàn)檎承缘幕瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)把縫隙連起來(lái)了，C選項(xiàng)的filledup表示填充，正好符合，所以答案為C。

　　DELTA EXERCISE

　　One of the rose’s most common associations in folklore is with death. The Romans oftendecked the tombs of the dead with roses;

　　The word “decked” in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Painted B. Separated C. Decorated D. Disguised

　　解析：decked和介詞with這里搭配，with就表示“用和伴隨”。那么通過(guò)句意可以猜到是用玫瑰花裝飾死者的墳?zāi)?，所以答案為C。

　　TPO2-3

　　37. At the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule peepshow dimensions of 1 or 2 inches (in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet.

　　The word expanded in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Was enlarged B. Was improved

　　C. Was varied D. Was rejected

　　解析：expanded和介詞from…to在這里搭配，而from…to本來(lái)就表示變化。from后面是1or 2 inches (in height)1或2英寸高，to后面是life-size…6 or 9 feet真實(shí)大小，6或9英尺。那么“從小變大”，答案為A。

　　線索2：邏輯關(guān)系-轉(zhuǎn)折or 同義重申。所以答案應(yīng)該在與原文句子里的單詞有近義詞或反義詞當(dāng)中尋找。是不是太簡(jiǎn)單粗暴了?是的，我們就是這樣的。

　　所有的邏輯關(guān)系我們都可以簡(jiǎn)化為轉(zhuǎn)折和同義重申。有轉(zhuǎn)折詞的即為轉(zhuǎn)折，無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)折詞的即為同義重申(同樣的范疇和語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)不同的方式再說(shuō)一次)。

　　詞與詞之間：

　　TPO1-2

　　15. In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory,championed by anthropologists in the late nine teenth and early twentieth century, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual.

　　The word “championed”in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Changed B. Debated C. Created D. Supported

　　解析：The most widely accepted theory,championed by anthropologists……中，championed其實(shí)是和accepted是并列的關(guān)系，都是用來(lái)修飾theory的。那么accepted這個(gè)詞是個(gè)常規(guī)詞匯，意思為接受，那么championed也就是相近的意思，那么答案為D，接受的，支持的。

　　句子內(nèi)部：

　　TPO 2-1

　　3. There is little doubt, however,that desertification in most areas results primarily from human activities rather than natural processes. The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.

　　The word delicate in the passage isclosest in meaning to

　　A. fragile B. predictable C. complex D. valuable

　　解析：exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures中，delicate是用來(lái)修飾ecological balance的，后面緊跟著有個(gè)“and”，因此其語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)該和后面的limited in the potential 一致。Limited是個(gè)常規(guī)詞匯，意為有限的，語(yǔ)氣為負(fù)面的，那么作為并列delicate也應(yīng)該是負(fù)面的語(yǔ)氣，用來(lái)修飾生態(tài)平衡，那么答案為A，脆弱的生態(tài)平衡。

　　TPO2-2

　　16. Although limited to askull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans.

　　The word precious in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Exact B. Scarce C. Valuable D. Initial

　　解析：precious所在的句子的主句與其從句因?yàn)閍lthough呈現(xiàn)出轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，所以precious的語(yǔ)氣和詞義應(yīng)該與limited相反。limited為有限的，語(yǔ)氣為負(fù)面，所以precious的語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)為正面的積極的，答案為C，意為有價(jià)值的。

　　7. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.

　　The phrase devoid of in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Consisting of B. Hidden by C. Except for D. Lacking in

　　解析：devoid所在的主句與從句因?yàn)閟ince邏輯關(guān)系為因果，被我們劃為同義重申。那么從句句意為因?yàn)榻^大多數(shù)的莊稼的培植必須事先移除土地的自然植被，所以主句說(shuō)一旦莊稼種植失敗，就留下了大面積的土地devoid植物的覆蓋，當(dāng)然是沒(méi)有植物的覆蓋了，所以答案為D。當(dāng)然還可以根據(jù)主句內(nèi)部的and判斷出與and后面的句意的邏輯關(guān)系為并列，后面說(shuō)susceptible to wind and the water erosion容易受到風(fēng)和水的腐蝕，可以判斷出前文應(yīng)該是沒(méi)有植物的覆蓋，答案為D。但是susceptible to這個(gè)詞匯很多同學(xué)都不認(rèn)識(shí)，所以還是前一種方法對(duì)于此題更可行。

　　句與句之間：

　　DELTA EXERCISE

　　Cool has with stood the fleeting nature of most slang. As a modifier, as a noun,and as a verb,cool has been around along time.

　　The word “fleeting”in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Temporary B. Youthful C. Emotional D. Popular

　　解析：fleeting這句和后一句的邏輯關(guān)系為同義重申，因?yàn)楹笠痪溟_(kāi)頭沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)折。后一句講到cool已經(jīng)存在很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間了，所以講的是時(shí)間的范疇，那么選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該也是時(shí)間的。A和B都有點(diǎn)和時(shí)間有關(guān)聯(lián)。但是因?yàn)榈谝痪溆衱ith stood詞義為禁得住，第一句的句意為絕大多數(shù)俚語(yǔ)有著一個(gè)特質(zhì)即為fleeting，而cool卻經(jīng)受住了這樣的考驗(yàn)。加上后句講存在了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，結(jié)合起來(lái)也就是說(shuō)cool經(jīng)受住了俚語(yǔ)隨時(shí)間快速消逝的考驗(yàn)，所以答案為A，短暫的。簡(jiǎn)而言之，別的俚語(yǔ)都很快就消逝了，而cool卻流傳下來(lái)。

　　TPO3-3

　　38. Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St Helens, in the north-western United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans.

　　The word pales in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Increases proportionally B.Differs

　　C. Loses significance D. Is common

　　解析：pales所在的句子一開(kāi)頭并沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)折詞匯出現(xiàn)，所以與前一句的邏輯關(guān)系為同義重申，因此重點(diǎn)在于讀懂前一句的句意。前一句為：生態(tài)學(xué)家特別想知道是哪些因素導(dǎo)致了群落的復(fù)蘇，因?yàn)槿澜绲捻敿?jí)群落都正在被人類的活動(dòng)所嚴(yán)重破壞。請(qǐng)寶寶們注意嚴(yán)重這個(gè)詞。pales所在的句子緊接著就舉例了，結(jié)果舉了個(gè)大自然活動(dòng)的破壞的例子，并把大自然活動(dòng)的破壞和人類互動(dòng)的破壞放在一起比較，根據(jù)同義重申的邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是人類活動(dòng)的破壞性很嚴(yán)重，那么正話反說(shuō)，大自然活動(dòng)的破壞性就沒(méi)有人類活動(dòng)的破壞性強(qiáng)。所以答案為C，沒(méi)那么嚴(yán)重。

　　以上就是小編為你帶來(lái)的托福閱讀送分題型詞匯題得分秘訣，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。