托福閱讀如何準(zhǔn)確掌握段落主旨?

　　1.積累不熟悉的單詞詞組：看似很簡(jiǎn)單，其實(shí)落實(shí)起來比較困難，為啥呢?因?yàn)楹芏嗑渥釉谕ㄟ^從句的疊加之后會(huì)變得較為復(fù)雜，再聯(lián)合起生詞詞組一起上陣，往往會(huì)把寶寶們迷惑住，查完生詞再查詞組，有時(shí)一個(gè)段落就能夠整理總結(jié)出不少內(nèi)容，比較耗時(shí)，也很需要體力的支撐，更需要有毅力作為輔助條件;我們說，不同于泛讀或針對(duì)答題的迅速掃讀，精讀需要我們達(dá)到的是對(duì)特定字眼、特定語句的精細(xì)化理解，根據(jù)每個(gè)同學(xué)的強(qiáng)迫癥程度不同，精細(xì)化的整理也會(huì)有所不同。

　　朋友以前教過一個(gè)孩子，屬于典型完美主義性格，遇到的每一個(gè)生詞每一個(gè)不熟悉的句式他都記錄下來，一度以為自己學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度緩慢，但其實(shí)堅(jiān)持了一段時(shí)間之后發(fā)現(xiàn)大有成效，由于積累的都是平時(shí)看文章時(shí)用得到的語言，很多內(nèi)容通過反復(fù)的記憶得到了強(qiáng)化，背誦的速度那是噌!噌!!噌!!!忘了不怕，重復(fù)去查找也不怕，重要的是能堅(jiān)持。

　　2.抄寫并背誦長(zhǎng)難句，分析語句中的主干及邏輯，熟悉句型：誰說抄寫一定要抄特別難的句子了?只要是你喜歡的句子就可以抄，比如朋友喜歡看跟地質(zhì)學(xué)相關(guān)的東西，看到文章在講某個(gè)過程就特別激動(dòng)：Glaciers are slowly moving massesof ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during ayear than melts. Snow falls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snowis soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As theair space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains becomedenser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfallabove, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate betweenflakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozenmeltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlockedcrystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward thebottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snowaccumulation.

　　這樣的句子抄多了積累多了大家就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，跟過程相關(guān)的信息是有自己的一定特點(diǎn)的，比如總有一大串動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)(transform, lessen, melt, refreeze,reach, interlock, cause… )，比如總有很多的順承連接詞，比如等等等等，這里就不再多贅述了，大家自己去多多發(fā)掘哈~

　　3.通讀全段，分析并概括大意：相信這一步對(duì)于大家來講并非難事，我們只需要知道段落的首句通常是主題句，而在掌握了倒三角式的段落總分結(jié)構(gòu)之后，基本上某個(gè)語段要說啥我們是能夠提煉出來的;值得注意的事情是，之前在講轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的時(shí)候跟大家說明過，如果段首句之后出現(xiàn)了明顯的特指鏈接詞，又或者出現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折詞，那么段落的主旨很有可能已經(jīng)后置;這個(gè)時(shí)候就需要我們對(duì)于文本中的句子具備更強(qiáng)的耐心，找到作者真正要傳達(dá)的東西了。

　　比如，The contribution of geothermal energyto the world's energy future is difficult to estimate. Geothermal energy is ina sense not renewable, because in most cases the heat would be drawn out of areservoir much more rapidly than it would be replaced by the very slowgeological processes by which heat flows through solid rock into a heatreservoir. However, in many places (for example, California, Hawaii, thePhilippines, Japan, Mexico, the rift valleys of Africa)the resource ispotentially so large that its future will depend on the economics ofproduction. At present, we can make efficient use of only naturally occurringhot water or steam deposits. Although the potential is enormous, it is likelythat in the near future geothermal energy can make important localcontributions only where the resource is close to the user and the economicsare favorable, as they are in California, New Zealand, and Iceland. Geothermalenergy probably will not make large-scale contributions to the world energybudget until well into the twenty-first century, if ever.

　　作者究竟想強(qiáng)調(diào)什么信息?是想重點(diǎn)說地?zé)崮芰亢茈y評(píng)估嗎?還是想說雖然潛能很大但最終取決于其經(jīng)濟(jì)效益?相信大家都能夠分析出是后者。轉(zhuǎn)折詞未必出現(xiàn)在第二句的開頭，這才是我們?cè)诜治龆温渲髦嫉臅r(shí)候需要注意的，如果不夠敏感，很有可能將其遺漏掉，那么無論是在答修辭目的題還是在答主旨題方面，都會(huì)受到影響。