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[高中]全新語法:不定代詞 四、不定代詞詞義辨析

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2021年11月16日

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四、不定代詞詞義辨析

1.all,each,every

(1)基本用法

All of the teachers are busy.所有的老師都很忙。(主語)

The teachers are all busy.所有的老師都很忙。(同位語)

He gave each boy an apple.他給每個男孩一個蘋果。(定語)

They each have a dictionary.他們每人都有一本詞典。(同位語)

We want every child to go to school.我們希望每個孩子都能上學(xué)。(定語)

(2)all,each,every與not連用表示部分否定;none表示全部否定。

All of the teachers aren’t busy.并非所有的老師都很忙。(部分否定)

Not all of the books are English books.這些并非都是英語書。(部分否定)

None of the books are English books.這些都不是英語書。(全部否定)

(3)“every+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”=“every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞”,表示“每……,每隔”。

every other day=every second day=every two days 每隔一天

every other line=every second line=every two lines 每隔一行

every two metres 每兩米      every few weeks 每幾周

2.anyone,any one

(1)基本用法

Is there anyone at home? 家里有人嗎?(指人)

You may choose any one of these books.你可以從中任選一本書。(接of 短語)

He told her not to tell anyone.他叫她不要告訴任何人。(指人)

— Which pen do you want? 你要哪支鋼筆?

— Any one will do.隨便哪一支都行。(指物)

(2)與not連用表示完全否定

I don’t want to waste anyone’s time.我不想浪費任何人的時間。

I don’t know any one of them.他們中我一個也不認識。

(3)anyone who=whoever

Anyone who does it is risking his life.任何人做此等事都要冒著生命危險。

Whoever does it is risking his life.

3.both,either

(1)基本用法

There are trees and flowers on both sides of the street.街道兩旁都有花草樹木。

There are trees and flowers on either side of the street.

(2)both與not連用,表示部分否定;neither表示完全否定。

Both of us are not teachers.我們倆不都是老師。(部分否定)

Neither of us is a teacher.我們倆都不是老師。(完全否定)

(3)both要置于限定詞之前:“both+(of)+the/物主代詞/指示代詞+名詞”。

Both the cats are asleep.兩只貓都睡著了。

I bought both these vases in China two years ago.這兩只花瓶是兩年前我在中國買的。

Both his hands are dirty after the labour.勞動之后他的兩只手都很臟。

(4)both的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);either的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Both flowers are beautiful.這兩朵花都很漂亮。

Both of them are absent.他們兩個都不在。

Either of the two boys is clever.兩個男孩都很聰明。

Either one is good.兩個中哪一個都好。

(5)both,either構(gòu)成的短語。

She was both tired and hungry.她又累又餓。

I will go on business either this week or next week.我將在這星期或下星期出差。

He had neither wife nor children.他既沒有妻子也沒有兒女。

4.few,a few,little,a little

It is very difficult,and few people understand it.它很難,幾乎沒人能懂。(否定)

It is very difficult,but a few people understand it.它雖難,但是有些人能懂。(肯定)

Unfortunately,I had little money on me.很不巧,我身上沒帶什么錢。(否定)

Fortunately,I had a little money on me.幸好我身上帶著一點錢。(肯定)

5.neither,either

(1)基本用法

You may take either of the roads.兩條路你走哪一條都行。

Neither statement is true.兩種說法都不是事實。

I want neither of them.兩個我都不要。

I don’t want either of them.兩個我都不要。

【比較】

①“I can swim.” “Me,too.” “我會游泳?!薄拔乙矔?。”

②“I can’t swim.” “Me,either/neither.” “我不會游泳?!薄拔乙膊粫!?/p>

(2)neither,either作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。

Neither of the twins is here.那對雙胞胎都不在這里。

Either of the plans is equally dangerous.這兩個計劃中,哪一個都同樣有危險。

(3)“either ...or ...”“neither ...nor ...”連接主語時,要遵循“就近一致”原則。

Neither he nor she was at home.他和她都不在家。(近she用was)

Either my father or my brothers are coming.

不是我父親就是我兄弟要來。(近brothers用are)

(4)neither用于倒裝語序中。

You did not see her,neither did I.你沒有看見她,我亦未看見她。

You will not go to Macau,neither will I.你不想去澳門,我也不想去。

6.no one/nobody,nothing,none

(1)基本用法

No one knows what they fought about.沒人知道他們?yōu)榱耸裁创蚣堋?/p>

Nothing is found on the table.桌子上什么也沒有。

None of my classmates survived the war.我的同學(xué)在戰(zhàn)爭中無一生還。

None of this money is mine.這錢都不是我的。

(2)答語

— Who was late today? 今天誰遲到了?

— No one/Nobody.沒有人遲到。

— How many people are there in that room? 那個房間里有幾個人?

— None.一個人也沒有。

— What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?

— Nothing.什么也沒有.

— How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水?

— None.一點也沒有.

7.other,the other,another,others

(1)基本用法

His other books are still in storage.他其他的書還在儲存里。

Mary is much taller than the other girls.瑪麗比其他的女孩高得多。

I don’t like this one.Please show me another.我不喜歡這一個,請給我看看另一個。

All the shoes are here;I have no others.所有的鞋都在這里,我沒有其他的鞋了。

I went swimming while the others played tennis.我去游泳,其余的人都打網(wǎng)球去了。

(2)常用句式

The old man has two sons.One is a worker,the other is a teacher.

老人有兩個兒子。一個是工人,另一個是教師。(兩者)

Some are playing football,others are playing basketball.

一些人踢足球,另一些打籃球。(還有其他的人)

Some are playing football,the others are playing basketball.

一些人踢足球,其余的打籃球。(沒有其他的人了)

8.some,any

(1)基本用法

Some students are from the North.有些學(xué)生是北方人。(修飾可數(shù)名詞)

Some meat has gone bad.一些肉已經(jīng)壞了。(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)

Are there any cows in the fields? 田里有牛嗎? (修飾可數(shù)名詞)

There won’t be any trouble.沒有任何麻煩。(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)

If there is any trouble,let me know.如果有什么麻煩,要讓我知道。(用于條件句中)

(2)any用于肯定句,表示“任何”。

Any man can solve the problem.任何人都能解決這個問題。

Any time you want me,just send for me.什么時候你需要我,隨時叫我來。

(3)在表示請求或邀請時some也可用于疑問句。

What about some fruit juice? 來點果汁如何?

Will you have some milk? 你喝點牛奶,好嗎?

(4)some,certain表示不明確指代,意為“某一”。

Some person called on you.有人來拜訪過你。

a certain person called on you.

There must be some reason for what he’s done.他這么做一定有某種理由。

Certain things are not openly spoken about.有些事是不能公開說的。

9.many,much

(1)基本用法

They have many friends in our school.

他們在我們的學(xué)校有很多朋友。(many修飾可數(shù)名詞)

My sister has much homework to do tonight.

我妹妹今天晚上有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。(much修飾不可數(shù)名詞)

(2)many more,much more

There are usually many,many more factors.

通常有更多的因素存在。(接可數(shù)名詞)

The farmers have produced much more rice.

這些農(nóng)夫收了更多的稻谷。(接不可數(shù)名詞)


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