高考英語語法專項練習(xí)之連詞和狀語從句
[深化認(rèn)知]
一、并列連詞
1.并列連詞的分類
(1)并列關(guān)系：常用連接詞and, as well as, both ... and, neither ... nor, not only ... but (also), not ... but等。
He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.
他有很多錢，他花錢很隨便。
Not only did he speak more correctly but (also) he spoke more easily.
他不僅說得更正確了，而且說起來也更容易了。
Neither the students nor the teacher agrees to the plan.
不僅是學(xué)生們而且老師也不同意這個計劃。
A true man should be practical as well as farsighted.
一個真正的人不僅要有遠(yuǎn)見，而且還要講究實際。
(2)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：常用連接詞but, however, still, while, yet, whereas等。
He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.
他喜歡流行音樂，而我喜歡民間音樂。
(3)選擇關(guān)系：常用連接詞either ... or ..., or, or else, would rather ... than等。
Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?
你愿意離開還是留下來?
(4)因果關(guān)系：常用連接詞for, so, thus等。
He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over.
他肯定被雨淋了，因為他渾身都濕了。
2.使用并列連詞的注意事項
(1)倒裝：not only ... but (also) ...在連接并列分句時，如果not only置于句首，其所在的句子要用部分倒裝。
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but (also) medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
(這個機(jī)構(gòu))不僅幫助人們找工作而且也為需要的人提供醫(yī)療護(hù)理。
(2)“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”，有時祈使句部分也可用名詞短語。
Another try, and you will make a success.
再試一次，你就會取得成功。
(3)下列句型中常用并列連詞when：
?、賐e about to do sth. when ...“正要做某事，這時突然……”
?、赽e on the point of doing sth. when ...“正要做某事，這時突然……”
?、踒e doing sth. when ...“正在做某事，這時突然……”
?、躧ad done sth. when ...“剛做了某事，這時突然……”
He was walking in the street when he suddenly saw an old man fall off his bike.
他正在街上散步，這時突然看到一位老人從自行車上摔了下來。
He was about to jump into the river when the guide stopped him.
他正要向河里跳這時導(dǎo)游攔住了他。
二、狀語從句
(一)時間狀語從句
1.when, while, as
(1)when既可引導(dǎo)一個持續(xù)動作，也可引導(dǎo)一個短暫動作，可用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生或從句動作先于主句動作。
When he knocked at the door, I was working at the table.
他敲門時我正在桌子旁邊工作。
(2)從屬連詞while引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比。
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
在別人工作時，請別這么大聲談話。
(3)從屬連詞as可表示從句和主句的兩個動作交替進(jìn)行或同時完成，可譯為“一邊……(一邊……)”或“隨著……”。
As speech develops, the child starts to string more words together.
隨著語言能力不斷發(fā)展，孩子開始把更多的詞連起來說。
(4)如果主句表示的是短暫性動作，而從句用延續(xù)性動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作，此時when, while與as可互換使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
當(dāng)我沿大街行走時，碰巧遇到了我的一個老朋友。
2.表示“剛……就……，一……就……”的常用表達(dá)
(1)as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ...和once。上述從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨即就發(fā)生，常意為“一……就……”。
The moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.
我一聽到那個聲音就知道父親來了。
My mom didn't wait a moment, but came immediately she received my call.
我媽媽未等片刻，而是一接到我的電話就立刻來了。
(2)no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ...的時態(tài)搭配：no sooner與hardly/scarcely后的句子謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去完成時，而than與when引導(dǎo)的句子謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般過去時。此外，當(dāng)把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時，應(yīng)用倒裝語序。
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
= No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
他剛完成演講學(xué)生們就開始?xì)g呼起來。
3.before與since
(1)before表示“還未……就……;不到……就……;……才……;趁……;還沒來得及……就……，在……之前”。
She left before I could say a word.
我還沒有來得及說話她就離開了。
(2)It will be+一段時間+before ...“多久之后才……”。
It will be three years before I graduate from college.
三年后我才大學(xué)畢業(yè)。
(3)It won't be long before ...“不久之后就……”。
It will not be long before you regret for what you've done.
不久你就會為你的所作所為后悔的。
(4)It was+一段時間+before ...“過了多久才……”。
It was several days before I realized that David had lied to me.
幾天之后我才意識到大衛(wèi)對我撒謊了。
(5)It is+一段時間+since ...“自從……多久了”。
As is reported, it is 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
像報道的那樣，自從清華大學(xué)成立已經(jīng)有100年了。
4.“每次……;下一次……”的常用表達(dá)
every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名詞短語用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“每當(dāng)……;每次……;下次……”等。
You don't have to go running upstairs every time she rings.
用不著她一來電話你就往樓上跑。
Next time you go shopping, buy a few extra fruits and vegetables.
下次你去買東西，多買點水果蔬菜。
5.till, until和not ...until
(1)until或till表示“某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停止”，此時主句謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，主、從句都為肯定式。這兩個詞可以換用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?
你有沒有聽說會議將被推遲到下周二?
(2)not ...until表示“某動作直到某時間才開始”，主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，從句為肯定式。
I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.
直到這個學(xué)生做這道數(shù)學(xué)題用了一個多小時的時間，我才會告訴他答案。
(二)地點狀語從句
1.地點狀語從句通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo)，從句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
很多高樓在以前只有廢墟的地方拔地而起。
2.地點狀語從句在句首時常兼有抽象條件意味。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
(三)條件狀語從句
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：if, unless (=if ... not除非), so/as long as (只要), in case (萬一), on condition that (條件是), suppose/supposing (that) (假設(shè)，如果), provided that (如果)等。
He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country.
他已獲準(zhǔn)恢復(fù)自由，條件是他離開這個國家。
Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
假如他們拒絕了我們，我們還可以求助誰?
(四)讓步狀語從句
1.although/though(盡管，雖然)，even though/even if (即使)。
(2013·四川高考單選)He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to.
他太忙了，盡管他想陪兒子，但是抽不出足夠的時間。
2.whether ... or ...(不管……還是……);疑問詞+ever(不管……;無論)，如whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever等;no matter+疑問詞(不管……;無論……)。
(2013·遼寧高考單選)One can always manage to do more things, no matter how full one's schedule is in life.
一個人總是能夠設(shè)法做更多的事情，無論他生活中的時間安排得有多滿。
3.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時要用倒裝語序，即從句中表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首，若表語是單數(shù)名詞，前置時要省略冠詞。though引導(dǎo)時則可用倒裝語序或自然語序。
Intelligent as you are, I suspect you will fail.
盡管你聰明，但我猜想你會失敗。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
盡管他是個孩子，但卻懂得很多。
4.從屬連詞while, when也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然，盡管”。
While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
雖然我總感覺這次考試我能及格，但是我從來沒有想到我會得A。
(五)原因狀語從句
引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because, as, since (既然), now that, seeing that, considering that (考慮到)。
Since she was indoors, she had not been wearing a coat.
由于她在室內(nèi)，就沒有穿外套。
Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself.
既然你已經(jīng)長大了，就必須自己做這件事。
(六)方式狀語從句
引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as, as if/though等。方式狀語從句應(yīng)放在主句之后。其中as if/though引導(dǎo)的從句常用虛擬語氣，但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實現(xiàn)，也可用陳述語氣。
The house was greatly damaged by the truck.We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.
卡車對這座房子造成了嚴(yán)重的損壞。我們最好保持原樣直到警察到來。
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
這位老太太對待這個男孩就像他是她自己的兒子似的。
(七)結(jié)果狀語從句
1.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so ...that ..., such ...that ...。在非正式語體中，由so ...that ..., such ...that ...引導(dǎo)的句子中的that可以省略，注意其結(jié)構(gòu)形式：
so+
such+
He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.
= He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.
他如此有學(xué)問，以至于我們非常欽佩他。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天氣如此晴朗，以至于我們都想去公園。
He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.
他掙這么少的錢，以至于養(yǎng)不起家。
2.當(dāng)so或such所在的主句主語與結(jié)果狀語從句中的主語一致時，還可簡化為：so/such ...as to ...。
He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
= He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.
他是一名如此聰明的學(xué)生，以至于他能夠解決所有難題。
(八)目的狀語從句
引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that)/lest等。
1.in order that, so that
兩個連詞都意為“以便……;為了……”，它們引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中常用情態(tài)動詞。
When the star goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.
這個明星出門的時候常戴著墨鏡，以便沒人能認(rèn)出他。
2.for fear that, in case (that)
引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，for fear that表示“害怕，擔(dān)心某事會發(fā)生”;in case (that)/lest表示“以防出現(xiàn)某種情況”。
The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
那個男孩藏在樹后面，以防他父親看到他。
[典題在線]
?、?單句語法填空
1.(2015·廣東高考語法填空)One day, the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily.
2.(2015·北京高考單選)He is a shy man, but he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
3.(2015·安徽高考單選)Though/Although scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
4.(2015·安徽高考單選)Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
5.(2015·四川高考單選)There is only one more day to go before your favorite music group play live.
6.(2015·江蘇高考單選)It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.
7.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)But the river wasn't changed in a few days or even a few months.
8.(2014·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.
9.(2014·天津高考單選)Give me a chance, and I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
10.(2014·北京高考單選)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, so plants can spread to new places.
11.(2014·北京高考單選)Even_though the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
12.(2014·江西高考單選)It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
13.(2014·四川高考單選)I'll be out for some time. In_case anything important happens, call me up immediately.
14.(2014·浙江高考單選)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so_that she could stay home and raise her family.
15.(2014·重慶高考單選)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi where the bus had dropped her.
16.(2013·北京高考單選)Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems.
17.(2013·陜西高考單選)I have heard a lot of good things about you since I came back from abroad.
?、?單句改錯
1.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯)There the air is clean or the mountains are green.or→and
2.(2015·浙江高考短文改錯)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.If→Although/Though
3.(2015·四川高考短文改錯)In fact, I don't like to go anymore, so I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship.so→but
4.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯)Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. 去掉but或but→yet
5.(2014·大綱卷短文改錯)The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together.but→and
6.(2014·浙江高考短文改錯)A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket but became quite upset.but→and
7.(2014·四川高考短文改錯)If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.and→or
8.(2014·陜西高考短文改錯)We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.but→and 對點集訓(xùn)即時鞏固·提升知能
?、?單句語法填空
1.(2016·包頭模擬)—I thought he hated the TV.
—You are right, yet/but he still watches the program.
2.(2016·銀川質(zhì)檢)Mr.Smith doesn't go to his usual club, for it is being decorated these days.
3.Try to be friends with your children, and you will really know what they are thinking about.
4.(2016·唐山模擬)We need some more facts and data before we make the final decision.
5.I've always been a writer, but I didn't figure out it was possible until I was in my early thirties.
6.While the numbers of such developments are relatively small, the potential market is large.
7.(2016·鄭州質(zhì)檢)Wherever you choose to settle down, you should attempt to fit in with the local people.
8.Keep yourself open so that you can experience the great joy that friendship can bring.
9.Whenever I met her in the office, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
10.You cannot take back your words once they are out of your mouth.
11.Sleeping pills should never be taken except when suggested by a doctor because they will do great harm to people's health.
12.Hard as my brother studied, he wasn't qualified enough for a good university.
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1.(2016·哈爾濱模擬)I was about to leave while I found someone trying to steal a man's money.while→when
2.He was hit by the car or was thrown a few meters away.or→and
3.(2016·蘭州質(zhì)檢)Rose wanted a job. She went to many offices and she didn't like any of them.and→but
4.Because of I'm on my own, I get to deal with my duties without being told.去掉of
5.(2016·太原檢測)It was three days when the missing boy was found in a cave.when→before
6.For another reason, I think it will be more convenient for you to look after your parents but they are getting old.but→as
7.It has been five years when we graduated, but those memories are as sweet as ever before.when→since
8.In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.unless→until
9.(2016·洛陽模擬)Unless you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me.Unless→If
10.What's more, he promised to give me five thousand yuan until summer holidays come.until→when
?、?語法填空
(2016·河北五校聯(lián)考)It happened at a weekend in the 1970's. Mum gave me two tickets for a film, telling me
she was too busy to go together with me with the endless housework. She told me to keep the money 1.if I could sell the extra ticket. I was very happy. At that time, a ticket cost only 20 fen. But to me, a little girl of twelve, 20 fen seemed quite a lot.
I reached the cinema 2.hurriedly (hurry). Holding the ticket in my hand, I began to look for a buyer. Just then a handsome young man, 3.who noticed me and the ticket, came towards me with a big smile, “You've got 4.an extra ticket?”
“Yes，” I nodded，
“That's great. Say how much?”
“20 fen.”
“Oh，” he thought for a while 5.and then took out a tenyuan note from his wallet.
“I'm terribly sorry, 6.but I've only got this note.” Seeing I was confused, he added, “Then how about waiting for a while 7.before/until/till I have changed it in the cinema's store?”
Without much thinking, I agreed. Then we went to the cinema together. He walked very fast. I could hardly keep up with 8.him. Soon he disappeared. I stood there 9.puzzled (puzzle). Suddenly I realized the handsome young fellow 10.had_cheated (cheat) me.
Before long I found that he'd sold the ticket to a little boy. He earned 20 fen, but lost his honor!
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