高考英語語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)之非謂語動(dòng)詞

　　我們都知道，英語語法是英語體系的鋼筋鐵骨，所有的口語及書面表達(dá)都需要依附英語語法而成，其中高考時(shí)英語語法更是貫穿了整張卷面。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于高考英語語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)之非謂語動(dòng)詞的資料，希望對(duì)你有所幫助。

　　

 

　　[深化認(rèn)知]

　　一、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語

　　1.不定式作狀語

　　(1)動(dòng)詞不定式可以用作目的狀語。注意其他非謂語動(dòng)詞形式不能用作目的狀語。

　　To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself.

　　要想成功，首先必須相信自己。

　　(2)only to do sth.為不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。

　　We hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left.

　　我們急匆匆趕到車站，結(jié)果被告知火車已開走了。

　　(3)形容詞或過去分詞作表語時(shí)，后面可接不定式作原因狀語。常見的形容詞有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right等。

　　You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.

　　你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道昨天看到她時(shí)，我是多么高興。

　　(4)在“主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(形容詞)+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。

　　The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on.

　　這把椅子看上去很硬，但實(shí)際上坐上去很舒服。

　　2.分詞作狀語

　　(1)作狀語的分詞要求其邏輯主語與句子的主語保持一致。

　　One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.

　　一天晚上哈里給我打電話，要求我盡快去他家。

　　(2)若句子的主語是分詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，就用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing)。

　　Not knowing his address, I can't call on him in person.

　　由于不知道他的地址，我無法親自去拜訪他。

　　(3)若句子的主語是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，則要用過去分詞(done)。

　　Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.

　　從山頂上看，這座城市很漂亮。

　　(4)若現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式(having done)。

　　Having lived in New York for years, I know each part of it very well.

　　由于住在紐約多年，我對(duì)這里的每一處都很熟悉。

　　(5)若與句中主語之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)形式(having been done)。

　　Having been ignored for a long time, the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.

　　因長時(shí)間被忽視，坐在后面的男孩感到枯燥就出去了。

　　3.獨(dú)立成分作狀語

　　有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見的有：

　　generally speaking 　　　　　　一般來說

　　frankly speaking 坦白地說

　　judging from/by 根據(jù)……來判斷

　　considering .../taking ...into consideration考慮到……

　　to tell you the truth 說實(shí)話

　　seeing 鑒于/由于……

　　supposing 假設(shè)，如果

　　assuming 假使

　　given 考慮到，鑒于

　　provided (that ...) 如果

　　Generally speaking, the family, not the school, plays the primary role in educating children for life.

　　一般來講，在孩子的終生教育中起著主要作用的是家庭而不是學(xué)校。

　　Considering your health, you'd better have a rest.

　　考慮到你的健康，你最好休息一下。

　　二、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語

　　1.下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：

　　決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，　　　　拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。

　　主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，　　　　同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。 decide/determine, learn, want (想), expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care (希望，想要), pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。 此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作賓語。

　　She pretended not to see me when I passed by.

　　當(dāng)我經(jīng)過時(shí)，她假裝沒看見我。

　　2.下列動(dòng)詞或詞組只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：

　　考慮建議盼原諒，　　　承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。

　　避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，　　　否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。

　　禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，　　　不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (想象，設(shè)想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape。 The young man admitted having driven the car without insurance.

　　這個(gè)年輕人承認(rèn)駕駛了這輛沒有保險(xiǎn)的轎車。

　　3.be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand (無法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend (in)等短語后也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。

　　Parents should pay more attention to the cases where their children have difficulty (in) adapting to new surroundings.

　　當(dāng)孩子們對(duì)新環(huán)境不適應(yīng)時(shí)，父母?jìng)儜?yīng)多加關(guān)注。

　　4.下列動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，也可以接不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別：

　　mean

　　forget

　　regret

　　try

　　go on

　　remember

　　What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.

　　多么差的記憶力!昨天我忘了向他借過錢，但今天我又忘了把錢還給他。

　　三、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)

　　1.感官動(dòng)詞(詞組)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的賓語補(bǔ)足語有四種形式，以see為例：

　　I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

　　我抬頭看，注意到一條蛇正沿樹蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。

　　2.使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have, get后加復(fù)合賓語的情況：

　　(1)make+賓語+

　　She tried her best to make herself heard.

　　她盡最大努力讓自己被別人聽見。

　　(2)let+賓語+

　　Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.

　　讓那些需要(幫助)的人明白我們會(huì)盡全力去幫他們。

　　He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.

　　他讓燈亮了整晚，這使他父母很生氣。

　　[名師指津]　have 還可用于have sth.to do/to be done結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中have作“有”講，不定式作定語。

　　I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.

　　這個(gè)學(xué)期結(jié)束前，我有很多閱讀要完成。

　　Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.

　　亞歷山大試圖使他的工作被醫(yī)學(xué)界認(rèn)可。

　　四、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語

　　1.現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。

　　Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her.

　　勞拉去巴黎待了一周多的時(shí)間。當(dāng)她返回家的時(shí)候，有一大堆郵件等著她(處理)。

　　2.過去分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和完成。

　　Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

　　建于1911年的清華大學(xué)是無數(shù)杰出人物的搖籃。

　　3.不定式作定語表示未做的事情。

　　His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.

　　他下個(gè)月將要出版的第一本書是以一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事為依據(jù)寫的。

　　五、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語

　　1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語

　　不定式作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語，即動(dòng)詞不定式，放到句子的后面。

　　It's necessary to hold another meeting to discuss the issue again.

　　有必要再舉行一次會(huì)議來討論這個(gè)問題。

　　[名師指津]　在“It is/was+adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)中：若形容詞側(cè)重于評(píng)價(jià)人物的特性、特征，則構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞應(yīng)用of，此時(shí)形容詞常為kind, nice, foolish等詞，且sb.與形容詞之間可構(gòu)成邏輯上的系表關(guān)系;若形容詞側(cè)重于描寫不定式動(dòng)作的特征、特點(diǎn)，則構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞應(yīng)用for。

　　It was silly of you to trust such a man.

　　你太愚蠢竟然相信這樣一個(gè)人。

　　It won't be easy for you to find a new job.

　　找一份新工作對(duì)你來說不容易。

　　2.動(dòng)名詞作主語

　　下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語：

　　(1)It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth.

　　It is no good coming before that.

　　在那之前來沒有用。

　　(2)There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth.

　　There is no sense (in) worrying about it now.

　　現(xiàn)在大可不必為那件事憂慮。

　　3.不定式與動(dòng)名詞作表語

　　不定式表示某一次具體的、特定的或有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞表示通常的情況。

　　Your task today is to wash the curtains.

　　你今天的任務(wù)是洗窗簾。

　　The doctor's job is healing the wounded and rescuing the dying.

　　醫(yī)生的工作是救死扶傷。

　　4.分詞作表語

　　表示事物的特征或性質(zhì)時(shí)，表語用現(xiàn)在分詞;表示人的內(nèi)心感受時(shí)，表語用過去分詞。

　　The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene.

　　她臉上驚恐的表情表明她被這個(gè)驚恐的場(chǎng)面嚇壞了。

　　六、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　with+

　　With so many people looking at him, he felt very nervous.

　　那么多人看著他，他感到很緊張。

　　With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.

　　問題解決了，質(zhì)量也提高了。

　　With so much work to do, I can't go swimming with you.

　　有那么多工作要做，我不能和你一起去游泳。

　　七、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

　　名詞或代詞+

　　So many children to support, they both have to work full time.

　　有這么多孩子要養(yǎng)，他們倆不得不全日工作。

　　The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.

　　向?qū)ьI(lǐng)著路，我們毫不費(fèi)勁地走出了森林。

　　Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.

　　吉姆專心致志地聽著講座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。

　　He came out of the library, (with) a large book under his arm.

　　他夾著一大本書，走出了圖書館。

　　[名師指津]　獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)從語法上來講不是句子，在句中通常作狀語。具有以下特點(diǎn)：(1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，不是同一個(gè)人或同一事物;(2)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般置于句首，有時(shí)也置于句中或句末。

　　八、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

　　1.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

　　形式 意義 構(gòu)成 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 一般式 與句子謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生 to do to be

　　done 進(jìn)行式 在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行 to be

　　doing - 完成式 在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生 to have

　　done to have

　　been done 完成

　　進(jìn)行式 發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前并且持續(xù)到謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)仍在進(jìn)行 to have

　　been doing - The boy pretended to be studying hard when his teacher came in.

　　當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，那個(gè)男孩假裝正在努力學(xué)習(xí)。

　　The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.

　　明天要舉行的會(huì)議很重要。

　　2.動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

　　形式 意義 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 一般式 與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或稍后發(fā)生 doing being done 完成式 先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作完成 having done having been

　　done I still remember being sent to school for the first time.

　　我仍記得第一次被送到學(xué)校上學(xué)的情景。

　　Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

　　雖然被告訴過好多次了，但他仍然重復(fù)犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。

　　Having finished the letter, he folded it and put it into the envelope.

　　他寫完信后，把信折起來裝進(jìn)了信封。

　　3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義

　　(1)不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，和句子的主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

　　How did the accident happen was difficult to find out because there were few people on the street at that time.

　　很難查明這起事故是如何發(fā)生的，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)街上幾乎沒人。

　　(2)動(dòng)詞need, want, require作“需要”講時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可跟不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu);be worth后也用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

　　The figures need to be checked/checking again before we draw a conclusion.

　　在我們得出結(jié)論前，這些數(shù)據(jù)需要再檢查一遍。

　　[典題在線]

　?、?單句語法填空

　　1.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

　　2.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.

　　3.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using (use) electric equipment.

　　4.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to_cool (cool) the house during the hot day.

　　5.(2015·廣東高考語法填空)Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees to_sell (sell) the wood.

　　6.(2015·北京高考單選)The park was full of people, enjoying (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.

　　7.(2015·天津高考單選)Absorbed (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.

　　8.(2015·天津高考單選)Having_worked (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.

　　9.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)It took years of work to_reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.

　　10.(2014·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to_stop (stop) until we reached the next stop.

　　11.(2014·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about being (be) late for school.

　　12.(2014·遼寧高考語法填空)Keep holding (hold) your position for a while.

　　13.(2014·廣東高考語法填空)We got a little sunburned/sunburnt (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.

　　14.(2014·北京高考單選)There are still many problems to_be_solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.

　　15.(2015·陜西高考單選)Back from his two­year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take) good care of at home.

　　16.(2014·湖南高考單選)Understanding (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.

　　Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)

　　1.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.telling→told

　　2.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.looks→looking

　　3.(2015·陜西高考短文改錯(cuò))My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!enjoy→enjoying

　　4.(2015·四川高考短文改錯(cuò))We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.sing→singing

　　5.(2015·浙江高考短文改錯(cuò))I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.sit→sitting

　　6.(2014·遼寧高考短文改錯(cuò))Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbors, we're hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dog — Cleo.去掉bothers后的to

　　7.(2014·遼寧高考短文改錯(cuò))It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.understanding→understand

　　8.(2014·四川高考短文改錯(cuò))Stay close to your teacher and classmates. Don't panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calm.trying→try

　　9.(2014·陜西高考短文改錯(cuò))My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees.wanted后加to

　　10.(2014·陜西高考短文改錯(cuò)) None of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the sky — they were looked like rain!去掉第二個(gè)were或looked

　　對(duì)點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)即時(shí)鞏固·提升知能Ⅰ.單句語法填空

　　1.To_save (save) energy, we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March.

　　2.(2016·鄭州模擬)An explosion happened in the mine, leaving (leave) twenty­two miners trapped.

　　3.I have learned a lot about Asian customs, having_lived (live) in the small village for three years in the early 1990s.

　　4.Pleased (please) with the effect of the color change, the woman smiled with satisfaction.

　　5.(2016·唐山綜合練習(xí))The houses for the low­income families being_built (build) at present in our city will be completed next year.

　　6.(2016·邯鄲模擬)—Can those seated (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me?

　　—No problem, sir!

　　7.—How did you know the surprising news?

　　—I happened to_be_covering (cover) the event then.

　　8.The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.

　　9.Not knowing (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.

　　10.(2016·濟(jì)南質(zhì)檢)All the tickets sold (sell) when they arrived, they went away, disappointed.

　　11.The airport to_be_completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.

　　12.At the party, the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself noticed (notice).

　　13.Being_surrounded (surround) by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction.

　　14.(2016·石家莊模擬)With several problems remaining (remain) to be solved, we still needed to hold another meeting as soon as possible.

　　15.Disappointed (disappoint) at the way he had been treated in the hotel, John complained to the manager.

　?、?單句改錯(cuò)

　　1.(2016·長春診斷)He became my first guitar teacher. It took me such a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful models.choose前加to

　　2.In the night we stayed in a cave hotel.I couldn't do anything but to sleep.去掉to

　　3.When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learn the violin.learn→learning

　　4.Comparing with other jobs, teaching is harder and the pay is lower.Comparing→Compared

　　5.The man did as told and slept really well, wake up before the alarm had even gone off.wake→waking

　　6.At the beginning, I always kept silent in oral class to avoid make mistakes.make→making

　　7.After divided into three groups, we started to work.After后加being

　　8.(2016·寧夏質(zhì)檢)He is such a learning person that we all admire him very much.learning→learned

　　9.Classes teaching in English provide students with a better environment.teaching→taught

　　10.In fact, I once won the first prize in the English speech competition hold in our school.hold→held

　?、?語法填空

　　(2016·河南重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校聯(lián)考)The local elementary school had just let out and I found myself behind a school bus as I was driving home. The bus stopped by a house 1.standing (stand) on top of a hill. A little girl no more than seven years old jumped down the bus steps and 2.started (start) running up the driveway toward the house.

　　I looked up the hill to see where she was going and saw her Dad 3.waiting (wait) for her. As she got closer and

　　closer her Dad smiled and bent down 4.to_greet (greet) her. When she got to him, he folded her in his powerful arms and gave her a huge hug.

　　My eyes watered a bit as I watched this scene and remembered all the times 5.when_ my own children had run into my arms with 6.smiling (smile) faces. Every single hug from them 7.was (be) a fountain of youth and a treasure of joy.

　　My lovely trip down memory lane was interrupted when I heard the car behind me sound its horn (喇叭). I saw 8.the school bus quickly pulling away. I started to follow it again with a 9.lighter_ (light) spirit than I had before. I took that beautiful moment and stored it 10.safely (safe) in my soul where I knew it would remain forever.