【高一英語(yǔ)】語(yǔ)法：代詞的用法詳解（1）

一. 人稱代詞

1. 主格和賓格

1) 通常，人稱代詞主格用做主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);賓格用做動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。句子的結(jié)構(gòu)如有變化，也應(yīng)能加以分析，確定選用哪種形式。例如：

It was he who told a lie.

It’s not me (who / whom) he wants. (作賓語(yǔ))

This is a secret;it's between you and me.(作介詞賓語(yǔ))

2) 人稱代詞賓格可用在比較狀語(yǔ)從句一類的結(jié)構(gòu)中代替主格。例如：

He is taller than me / I (am). I don't swim so well as her / she (does).

2. 兩種所有格

人稱代詞所有格稱為物主代詞。物主代詞分為兩類：

① 形容詞性的，如my, her, your, their等;

② 名詞性的，如mine，hers，yours，theirs等。由于受漢語(yǔ)影響，我們常犯以下兩種錯(cuò)誤：

1) 漏用代詞，主要是形容詞性的物主代詞，因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)中常常將它省略。例如：

I have done my homework.(不能說 * I have done homework.)

We clean our classroom every day.(不能說 * We clean classroom every day.)

2) 誤用代詞，混淆兩種類型的物主代詞，因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)中無此區(qū)別。例如：

That dictionary is not mine.(不能說 * That dictionary is not my.)

Mine is here.(不能說 * My is here.)

注意：形容詞性的物主代詞只能用作定語(yǔ)，必須與名詞連用。例如

What's her name? I am your friend.

名詞性的物主代詞則可充當(dāng)名詞所能充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N句子成分。如：

Your pen is black;mine is blue.(作主語(yǔ))

You haven't got a bike?You may use mine.(作賓語(yǔ))

但是its一般不能單獨(dú)使用。需要時(shí)可以用its own。如：

That's the cat's basket. It's its own.

3. 代詞做短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置

當(dāng)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由“動(dòng)詞+副詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，代詞作賓語(yǔ)必須放在動(dòng)詞和副詞中間，名詞則不受此限制。如：

He looked up the word in the dictionary. He looked the word up in the dictionary.

He looked it up in the dictionary.

但如果是由“動(dòng)詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的介詞動(dòng)詞，代詞作賓語(yǔ)還是要放在介詞之后。例如：

He's been looking for them all this morning.