“湖北省”中英雙語簡介

湖北省

A Glimpse of the Province

(本省簡介)

Located on the middle lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Hubei means, “North of Lake, due to its location on the northern side of the Dongting Lake. In ancient times, it was simply call “E”, as it was part of the old state of E'zhou. It is about 740 kilometers long from the east to the west, 470 kilometers wide from the north to the south, and covers 185,900 square kilometers, accounting for 1.94% of China's total territory. It is the 16th largest province in China in terms of size. Hubei's terrain mainly consists of mountains surrounding its east, west and the north sides, while the middle of the province consists of incompletely formed and southward facing open-basin. The Yangtze River flows through Hubei for some l,061 kilometers, while its largest tributary, the Han River, also flows across the province for some 878 kilometers. The Han River joins the Yangtze River at Wuhan, the capital of Hubei. There are about 300 lakes that are larger than 3 square kilometers in Hubei, and most of them are scattered across the Jianghan Plain. Parts of Hubei have a subtropical monsoon climate, whileparts of it lies in the transitional zone between the subtropical and temperate climate zones. The entire province is marked by abundant sunshine and warmth, long frost-free periods, and lots of rain. This climate mix makes Hubei a rich agricultural region. Average annual temperatures are 15℃--17℃ during the winter and range from 27℃–29℃ during July. The maximum temperature in Jianghan Plain is above 40℃, making it one of the hottest areas in China.

Hubei belonged to Chu State in ancient times. Chu culture was cultivated here. Along with the Yellow River plain, Hubei is one of the two major sources of the Chinese civilization. It was first named Hubei during the 6th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi 's reign (1776 A.D.). Hubei has a long history. Ancient human remains dating back more than 100,000 years have been found in areas such as Yunxi and Changyang. Four-thousand-year-old eggshell pottery has been unearthed in Qujialing City in Jingshan County. And the ancient Shang Dynasty “Panlongcheng” city and relics dating back 3,500 years have been discovered in Huangpi County. Finally, Jiangling and Xiangfan are the famous national historic and cultural cities.

Transportation and communication are convenient in Hubei. Wuhan, Jingzhou, Yichang, Xiangfan, Enshi and Laohekou have airports, and Wuhan's Tianhe International Airport receives domestic and international flights. There are many railway lines running through Hubei province, including the Jingguang, Xiangyu, Handan, Jiaozhi, Zhiliu and Wuda lines. Wuhan has direct rail access to all parts of the province and is also linked directly to Beijing, Zhengzhou, Tianjin, Luoyang, Chongqing, Xi'an, Kunming, Guiyang, Changsha, Liuzhou, Guangzhou, Nanchang, Shijiazhuang and other major Chinese cities. Hubei has a complete network of roads extending to both its major cities and mountains. Finally, the Yangtze River provides convenient shipping and boat transportation and also links Hubei to the sea.

Hubei's Famous Historical Figures

Many famous and gifted people have hailed from Hubei Province. They include statesman, poets, artists and other great individuals. Some of Hubei's notable political figures are the renowned general Wu Zixu, the “No. 1 loyal officer,” Sun Shuao, the noted Han Dynasty statesman, Chen Youliang, the ancient Chinese Prime Minister, Zhang Juzheng, and the beautiful princess, Wang Zhaojun, who married a distant prince and helped bring peace to her kingdom. Hubei was also the home of the proletarian revolutionary pioneers, Li Xiannian and Dong Biwu. Famous Hubei poets and artists include the famous calligrapher, Mi Fu, the pastoral poet, Meng Haoran, the great patriotic poet, Qu Yuan, as well as three leading representatives of the “ Gong'an” poetry school, Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao, and Yuan Zhongdao. Hubei also boasts several leading thinkers, such as the tea sage, Lu Yu, and Taoist philosopher, Laolaizi. Finally, a number of outstanding scientists have come from Hubei, including the famous ancient physician, Li Shizhen, the great geologist, Li Siguang, and the inventor of moveable type, Bi Sheng.

Special Local Products

There are many special local products in Hubei, such as brick tea, Wuchang fish, Xiaogan sesame chips, day-lily buds, mandarin fish, Zigui oval oranges, and baked sesame cakes.

Hubei Famous Dishes

Hubei has many well-known dishes. Examples include sliced pork with cream sauce, Huangpi three (fish and pork meat balls and rice balls mixed together), Mianyang steamed three (meat and vegetables steamed together), steamed Wuchang fish, Xiaotaoyuan simmered soup, Yunxian leaf lard wrapped red bean paste, eight-diagram-shaped appetizer soup, braised pullet with ginkgo nuts in clay pot, fried wild ducks, chickens and fish with peach blossoms, Jingzhou rice field eel, and Jingzhou fish balls.

Hubei Snacks

The province also boasts many special snacks. Examples are packet noodles, cool cakes, fried gingko, Liangxiang chestnuts, red-glutinous rice powder, Ding Ding cake, stewed lotus seeds, Ezhou “Dongpo cake”, Huangshi harbor cake, Huangzhou Shaomei, alkali pastries for dessert (Wuhan), and orange flap Yuyuan, baked bread, lotus root glutinous rice gruel, cool noodles, cold shrimp, radish dumplings, Macheng meat puddings, Wuhan fruit meat, dry noodles, red dates, and bean curd.

Attraction Recommendation

The province has a total of l,500 tourist spots. Major natural scenic sites include Wuhan's East Lake, Wudang Mountain, the Shennongjia Forest Nature Reserve, Jiugong Mountain, and Yangtze River's world famous Three Gorges. Some major historical places are the Yellow Crane Tower, Guiyuan Temple, Xiangfan Gulongzhong, Puqi Cliff and Zigui Qu Yuan Temple, Qu Yuan Residence, Ji'nan Old City, Zhaojun Hometown, Wuhan Guqin Pavilion. Former Site of the Wuchang Insurgent Army Government, and Jing-Han Railroad Labor Movement “Twenty-seven” Memorial Hall.

湖北因位于長江中游，洞庭湖之北而得名，又因古屬鄂州，簡稱鄂，省會武漢。湖北東西長約740千米，南北寬約470千米。全省總面積18.59萬平方千米，居全國第1 6位，占全國總面積的1.94%。湖北地形大致為東、西、北三面環(huán)山，中間低平，略呈向南敞開的不完整盆地狀。長江自西向東，流貫省內(nèi)的長度為1061千米。漢水是長江最大支流，到武漢進入長江，境內(nèi)流長878千米。湖北面積在3平方千米以上的湖泊目前有300個左右，大部分集中于江漢平原。湖北省屬北亞熱帶季風氣候，具有從亞熱帶向暖溫帶過渡的特征。全省光照充足，熱量豐富，無霜期長，降水豐沛，雨熱同季，利于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。年均溫15°C~17°C，7月均溫為27 °C～29℃，江漢平原最高溫在40°C以上，為中國酷熱地區(qū)之一。

湖北古屬楚國領(lǐng)域，楚文化誕生于此，與中原文化并列為華夏文明二大源頭。康熙六年(1776年)，這里歷史上第一次定名湖北，沿用至今。湖北省歷史悠久，在鄖西、長陽等地發(fā)現(xiàn)古人類化石，證明幾十萬年前這里就有人類生息。京山縣屈家?guī)X出土的蛋殼彩陶，距今已有4000多年;黃陂區(qū)發(fā)掘出土的商代古城“盤龍城”遺址，距今也有3500多年。省內(nèi)江陵、襄樊等是全國歷史文化名城之一。

湖北省交通發(fā)達，武漢、荊州、宜昌、襄樊、恩施、老河口都有民用機場，其中武漢天河國際機場開辟有多條國內(nèi)和國際航線。湖北境內(nèi)的鐵路線有京廣線、襄渝線、漢丹線、焦枝線、枝柳線及武大線等，省會武漢有直達省內(nèi)各地的列車，此外還有直達北京、鄭州、天津、洛陽、重慶、西安、昆明、貴陽、長沙、柳州、廣州、南昌、石家莊等市的列車。湖北省有一個較為完整的公路網(wǎng)，以大城市為中心的公路四通八達，可一直延伸到深山之中，同時也將鐵路和水路運輸連接起來。湖北省內(nèi)正在建設(shè)多條高速公路，目前已經(jīng)建成通車的有從黃梅縣經(jīng)黃石至武漢的武黃高速公路和從武漢經(jīng)荊州至宜昌的漢宜高速公路。此外還有武漢—襄樊—十堰、武漢—信陽(河南)、荊州—荊門—襄樊、宜昌—利川、武漢—赤壁等高速公路正在建設(shè)中。湖北省境內(nèi)的長江總長達l000多千米，因而湖北省的長江航運也非常發(fā)達。

湖北省歷史名人

湖北省在歷史上人才輩出，如炎帝神農(nóng)氏，偉大的愛國主義詩人屈原，中原霸主楚莊王，一夜白頭名將伍子胥，第一循吏良臣孫叔敖，道家人物代表老萊子，大漢政權(quán)的建立者陳友諒，著名書法家米芾，山水田園詩人孟浩然，茶圣陸羽，民族和親的使者王昭君，宰相之杰張居正，“公安派”領(lǐng)袖袁宗道、袁宏道、袁中道，活字印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明人畢昇，醫(yī)學家李時珍，地質(zhì)泰斗李四光，無產(chǎn)階級革命革命家李先念，董必武等。

湖北特產(chǎn)

湖北特產(chǎn)眾多。如青磚茶、武昌魚、孝感麻糖、黃花菜、鱖魚、秭歸鵝蛋柑、麻烘糕等。

湖北著名的特色菜

湖北有很多特色菜。如廣水滑肉、黃陂三合、沔陽三蒸、清蒸武昌魚、小桃園煨湯、鄖縣網(wǎng)油砂、八卦湯、白果燒雞、紅燒野鴨、雞泥桃花魚、荊州皮條鱔魚、荊州魚糕丸子等。

湖北特色小吃

湖北有許多的特色小吃。如包面、冰涼糕、炒白果、炒良鄉(xiāng)栗子、沖糯米粉、頂頂糕、燉蓮子、鄂州“東坡餅”、黃石港餅、黃州燒梅、堿酥餅(武漢)、橘瓣魚圓、烤面包、蓮藕糯米粥、涼面、涼蝦、蘿卜餃子、麻城肉糕、武漢果子肉、武漢熱干面、武漢肉棗、武漢三鮮豆皮、武漢酸白菜等。

主要景點推薦

據(jù)普查，全省旅游景區(qū)(點)共1500余處。主要風景有：武漢東湖、黃鶴樓、歸元寺、襄樊古隆中、武當山、神農(nóng)架、江漢古城、蒲圻赤壁、秭歸屈原祠、秭歸屈原故里、長江三峽、九官山、紀南故城、昭君故里、武漢古琴臺、武漢起義軍政府舊址、京漢鐵路工人運動“二七”紀念館等。