外國人最想和你聊的文化話題：溫泉

　Realize Hot Spring　認(rèn)識溫泉

     1　溫泉介紹及其治療效用
     A hot spring is a spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. There are geothermal hot springs in many locations all over the crust of the earth.
     Because heated water can hold more dissolved solids, warm and especially hot springs also often have a very high mineral content, containing everything from simple calcium to lithium, and even radium. Because of both the folklore and the claimed medical value some of these springs have, they are often popular tourist destinations, and locations for rehabilitation clinics for those with disabilities.
     The water issuing from a hot spring is heated by geothermal heat, i.e., heat from the Earth's mantle. In general, the temperature of rocks within the earth increases with depth. The rate of temperature increase with depth is known as the geothermal gradient. If water percolates deeply enough into the crust, it will be heated as it comes into contact with hot rocks. The water from hot springs in non-volcanic areas is heated in this manner.
     Steam Crepuscular rays at Mammoth Hot Springs in active volcanic zones such as Yellowstone National Park, water may be heated by coming into contact with magma (molten rock). The high temperature gradient near magma may cause water to be heated enough that it boils or becomes superheated. If the water becomes so hot that it builds steam pressure and erupts in a jet above the surface of the Earth, it is called a geyser. If the water only reaches the surface in the form of steam, it is called fumaroles. If the water is mixed with mud and clay, it is called a mud pot.
     2　溫泉種類以及日本溫泉禮儀的表達(dá)方式
     （1）classification of springs　溫泉種類
     carbonate spring　　　　　　　　碳酸泉
     sulphur spring　　　　　　　　　硫磺泉
     common salt springs　　　　　　 食鹽泉
     sodium bicarbonate spring　　　 碳酸氫鈉泉
     pure spring　　　　　　　　　　 單純?nèi)?br />      （2）Etiquette　日本溫泉禮儀
     An onsen is a term for hot springs in the Japanese language, though the term is often used to describe the bathing facilities and inns around the hot springs. As a volcanically active country, Japan has thousands of onsen scattered along its length and breadth. Onsen were traditionally used as public bathing places and today play a central role in directing Japanese domestic tourism.
     Bathers are not normally allowed to wear swimsuits in the baths. However, some modern onsen with more of a water park atmosphere require their guests to wear a swimming suit in their mixed baths.
     Swimsuits　和服泳衣
     Bathers are not normally allowed to wear swimsuits in the baths. However, some modern onsen with more of a waterpark atmosphere require their guests to wear a swimming suit in their mixed baths.
     Towels　毛巾
     Onsen guests generally bring a small towel with them to use as a wash cloth. The towel can also provide a modicum of modesty when walking between the washing area and the baths.
     Noise　音量
     Onsen vary from quiet to noisy, some play piped music and often feature gushing fountains. Bathers will engage in conversation in this relaxed situation.
     Tattoos　圖案紋
     Many onsen ban bathers with tattoos, which in Japan are traditionally perceived as a badge of criminality-Yakuza traditionally have elaborate tattoos.
     依化學(xué)組成分類，溫泉中主要的成分包含氯離子、碳酸根離子、硫酸根離子，依這三種陰離子所占的比例可分為氯化物泉、碳酸氫鹽泉、硫酸鹽泉。 除了這三種陰離子之外，也有以其他成分為主的溫泉，例如重曹泉（以重碳酸鈉為主）、重碳酸土類泉、食鹽泉（以氯化鈉離子為主）、氯化土鹽泉、芒硝泉（硫酸鈉離子為主）、石膏泉（以硫酸鈣為主）、正苦味泉（以硫酸鎂為主）、含鐵泉（白磺泉）、含銅、鐵泉（又稱青銅泉） 其中食鹽泉也稱鹽泉，可依含氯化物食鹽的多寡`，區(qū)分為弱食鹽泉和強(qiáng)食鹽泉。