外國(guó)人最想和你聊的文化話題：滑雪

　Realize Skiing　認(rèn)識(shí)滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)

     1　滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)面面觀
     Skiing is a recreational activity using skis as equipment for traveling over snow. Skis are used in conjunction with boots that connect to the ski with use of a binding.
     Skiing can be grouped into two general categories. The older of the two disciplines originated in Scandinavia and uses free-heel bindings that attach at the toes of the skier's boots but not at the heels. Types of Nordic skiing include cross-country, ski jumping and Telemark. Alpine skiing (more often called "downhill skiing"), originated in the European Alps, and is characterized by fixed-heel bindings that attach at both the toe and the heel of the skier's boot.
     Skiing competition is organized by the International Ski Federation, which is responsible for development of rules and scheduling of competitions worldwide in alpine skiing, cross country skiing, freestyle
     2　滑雪類(lèi)型的表達(dá)方式
     （1） Alpine skiing　高山滑雪
     Alpine skiing is also called downhill skiing. Typically, downhill skiing takes place at a ski resort with specified ski pistes or ski runs. Ski resorts that offer downhill skiing exist all over the world in cold climate areas.
     （2）Freestyle skiing　花樣滑雪
     Alpine Freestyle (高山花樣滑雪) : This kind of skiing employs the
     use of aerial acrobatics and balance, balance being necessary for rails.
     Freestyle/Newschool(自由式滑雪) : Freestyle skiing is the type of
     skiing with which tricks are usually associated.
     （3）Nordic skiing　越野與跳臺(tái)混合滑雪
     Nordic Skiing: Also called Cross-country skiing or Cross-country racing. Take its name from a type of ski race that is one third up, one third down, and one third flat. skiing, Nordic combined and ski jumping. Competition is managed in each country by its national association. The U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association is responsible for competitive skiing in America.
     Skiing is so popular in today's life, that it has been the main motif for many collectors' coins and medals. One of the most recent one is the Austrian 5 Euro 100 Years of Skiing commemorative coin, minted on January 26, 2005. The design shows a snow crystal symbolizing winter sport with a downhill skier racing through the crystal.
     Many different types of skiing are popular, especially in colder climates, and many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the International Ski Federation (FIS), and other sporting organizations, such as the U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association in America. Skiing is most visible to the public during the Winter Olympic Games where it is a major sport.
     （4）Military skiing　軍事滑雪
     In addition to its role in recreation and sport, skiing is also used as a means of transport by the military, and many armies train troops for ski warfare.
     （5）other styles　其他類(lèi)型
     Kite skiing (雪放風(fēng)箏) is skiing done while being pulled or carried by a parasail, hang glider, or kite.
     Adaptive Skiing is skiing done by individuals with physical disabilities.
     滑雪是運(yùn)動(dòng)員把滑雪板裝在靴底上在雪地上進(jìn)行速度、跳躍和滑降的競(jìng)賽運(yùn)動(dòng)?；┌逵媚静摹⒔饘俨牧虾退芰匣旌现瞥?。高山滑雪由滑降，小回轉(zhuǎn)和大回轉(zhuǎn)（障礙滑雪）組成。高山滑雪混合項(xiàng)目，由上述三個(gè)項(xiàng)目組成。"立"、"板"、"雪"、"滑"是滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵要素。目前世界比賽正規(guī)的大項(xiàng)目分為：高山滑雪、北歐滑雪（越野滑雪、跳臺(tái)滑雪）、自由式滑雪、冬季兩項(xiàng)滑雪、雪上滑板滑雪等。
Part 2　Key words＆ Sentences　關(guān)鍵詞句全知道
     Downhill skiing is not for everyone. It's fast, it's dangerous, and if you're a new skier, it can be pretty frightening.
     滑降滑雪可不是每個(gè)人都能玩的。它快速又危險(xiǎn)，如果你是新手的話還會(huì)覺(jué)得蠻可怕的。
     Most commercial ski areas do all they can to make skiing safer. The trails are cleared of rocks and trees, ice is removed or covered in fluffy snow, and signs are posted to warn skiers of hidden dangers.
     大部分營(yíng)業(yè)的滑雪地區(qū)都會(huì)盡可能使滑雪更加安全。他們會(huì)清除滑雪道上的石塊和樹(shù)木、除去結(jié)冰或用松雪覆蓋，并且張貼警告讓滑雪者知道潛在的危險(xiǎn)。
     Extreme skiing is a sport done in the open wilderness, away from the protection of commercial ski areas.
     極速滑雪是一種在荒野地區(qū)玩的運(yùn)動(dòng)，遠(yuǎn)離營(yíng)業(yè)滑雪區(qū)的保護(hù)。
     Big mountains and a lot of snow are the only things an extreme skier needs.
     極速滑雪者所需的只是大山和深厚的積雪。
     The Rocky Mountains in the U.S. and Canada and the Chamonix Valley in France are a couple of places where long winters and tall mountains combine to create an extreme skier's paradise.
     美國(guó)與加拿大的落基山脈、法國(guó)的夏慕尼山谷等地，因?yàn)橛新L(zhǎng)的冬季和高聳的山脈，成為極速滑雪者的天堂。
     The extreme skier's day always begins early.
     極速滑雪者的一天總是很早就開(kāi)始了。
     An early start is a matter of safety because the afternoon sun can melt snow and make avalanches much more likely.
     較早開(kāi)始是為了安全起見(jiàn)，因?yàn)橄挛绲年?yáng)光會(huì)將積雪融化，大大提高雪崩的可能。
     Avalanches are the biggest danger that extreme skiers face, and most of their preparations and equipment are intended to lower the risk of dying under a thousand tons of snow.
     雪崩是極速滑雪者面臨的最大危險(xiǎn)，他們大部分的準(zhǔn)備與器材就是為了降低埋在一千噸雪之下死亡的危險(xiǎn)性。
     Extreme skiers usually carry three essential pieces of safety equipment.
     極速滑雪者通常要攜帶三項(xiàng)基本安全配備。
     The first is a shovel. They use shovels to dig test holes in the snow before they begin climbing up.
     第一項(xiàng)是圓鍬。爬上山之前，他們會(huì)用圓鍬在雪地挖測(cè)試洞。
     By looking at the layers of snow in their test hole, an experienced extreme skier can tell if there's likely to be an avalanche.
     有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的極速滑雪者看看測(cè)試洞里頭一層層的積雪就知道會(huì)不會(huì)有雪崩。
     The second is an electronic beacon. Beacons serve both as transmitters and receivers.
     第二項(xiàng)是電子信號(hào)器。信號(hào)器既是發(fā)射器也是接收器。
     If a skier gets buried in an avalanche, the beacon is used to locate his or her general position.
     如果滑雪者被雪崩掩埋，信號(hào)器就可用來(lái)找出其大概位置。
     The third piece of safety equipment is a long, think pole. It's used to probe deep into the snow to pinpoint the location of a buried skier.
     第三項(xiàng)安全配備是一根又長(zhǎng)又細(xì)的竿，來(lái)探測(cè)雪中深處以找出被埋滑雪者的精確位置。
     Extreme skiers get to ski on the best snow around. They ski on deep, light, powdery snow, instead of the hard-packed and smoothened snow of commercial ski areas.
     極速滑雪者可以在最好的雪地上滑雪。他們滑的是深厚的、輕軟的、粉狀的白雪，而不是營(yíng)業(yè)滑雪區(qū)里壓得死硬、平滑的雪。
     A 4000 year long history of skiing has made Norway a proud ski nation with great alpine resorts and more than 30, 000 kilometers of cross-country trails.
     4000年悠久的滑雪歷史使挪威成為一個(gè)以滑雪自豪的國(guó)度，有很好的高山滑雪勝地和超過(guò)30，000公里的越野滑雪道。
     Skiing is the original action sport. And the fact is: skiers go bigger, faster, higher, can spin and flip more than any other human-powered sport, ever.
     滑雪是最早問(wèn)世的極限運(yùn)動(dòng)。而且，在所有單純?nèi)肆︱?qū)動(dòng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目中，雙板滑雪可以實(shí)現(xiàn)最大的跳躍，最快的速度，最高的高度和最多的旋轉(zhuǎn)及空翻周數(shù)。
     Free skiing really starts to taking off in the 1800, and since the ski lift wasn't invented until 1908, free skiers in the 19th century took it to the streets.
     雙板自由式真正始于19世紀(jì)，由于直到1908年才發(fā)明滑雪纜車(chē)，所以19世紀(jì)的自由式雙板滑手們主要在街頭玩耍。
     Now free skiing is always about having good times with friends and showing off your best smooth.
     自由式滑雪一直就是一項(xiàng)與朋友共耍，并展現(xiàn)自身完美表演的運(yùn)動(dòng)。