外國人最想和你聊的文化話題：誘人甜點

　Know the delicious dessert　認識美味甜點

     1　甜點面面觀
     The first desserts were candies, made from raw honeycomb and dried dates. It was not until the Middle Ages, when sugar was manufactured, that people began to enjoy more sweets but even then sugar was so expensive that it was only for the wealthy on special occasions. When you're looking at the history of desserts, it's interesting to note which dishes that are now desserts were once something entirely different.
     In Western culture, dessert is a course that typically comes at the end of a meal, usually consisting of sweet food. The word comes from the French language as dessert and this from Old French desservir, "to clear the table" and "to serve". Common desserts include cakes, cookies, gelatin, pastries, ice cream, pie, and candies. Fruit may also be eaten with the dessert. In Russia, breakfast foods such as Bliny, Oladi, and Syrniki served with honey and jam are also popular as desserts.
     The word dessert is most commonly used for this course in U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Ireland, while sweet, pudding or afters may be alternative terms used in the UK and some other Commonwealth countries, including India. In England, the term pudding is usually used among the Upper and Upper-middle classes, with dessert only used if the course consists of fruit or sweetmeats, after the cheese and biscuits course (See U and non-U English).
     Desserts are often eaten with a dessert spoon, intermediate in size between a teaspoon and a tablespoon.
     Elimination of dessert foods may be a strategy used in dieting, in order to reduce the amount of calories, carbohydrates, or fat consumed.
     2　關于甜點的表達方式
     （1）常見西點稱謂的表達方式
     Dessert is the last course of a meal. In the United States dessert is likely to consist of pastry, cake, ice cream, pudding, or fresh or cooked fruit. British meals traditionally end with nuts, fruits, and port or other dessert wine, while French practice is to end with fruit, cheese, and wine; in both cuisines, a more elaborate meal would include a sweet course preceding the dessert offerings. In Spain, Portugal, and Latin-American countries, desserts of flan baked caramel custard are ubiquitous.
     Original Coffee Mexican bread 　　　　　　原味咖啡墨西哥面包
     French bread　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 法式面包
     Toast 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　土司
     sweet bread 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 甜面包
     mousse cake 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 慕斯蛋糕
     tiramisu 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　提拉米蘇
     cheese cake 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 芝士蛋糕
     Black Forest cake　　　　　　　　　　　　 黑森林蛋糕
     Milk fruit cake 　　　　　　　　　　　　　鮮奶水果蛋糕
     Donuts　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 甜甜圈
     Denmark bread 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 丹麥面包
     Shortening bread 　　　　　　　　　　　　 起酥面包
     Pudding　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　布丁
     Puff 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　松餅
     甜點的歷史非常悠久， 幾百年來， 經(jīng)過無數(shù)面點師及甜湯制作廚師的精心改良，甜品已成為世界飲食文化園中一朵瑰麗的奇葩。西方一直有這樣一句諺語："女人有兩個胃，一個用來裝飯，一個用來裝甜點。"雖然話里包含了對女性熱衷于甜點的調(diào)侃，卻道出了西方甜點文化在餐飲上舉足輕重的位置。甜點的消費人群更加廣泛，人們對甜點的認識也不再拘泥于"井底"，品茶、閑談、宴會、喝咖啡，甚至在讀書看報的時間里，甜點都會如影隨形，一些制作精巧、擺放也頗有講究的小甜點成為不少人的"心頭所好"。
Part 2　Key words ＆ Sentences　關鍵詞語全知道
     The custard tart is a lovely treat to come home to and goes wonderfully with a cup of Earl Grey tea. You just can't get more English than that.
     在家招待客人，蛋撻是很好的選擇。再配上一杯格雷伯爵茶，那滋味更是妙不可言，沒有比這更英式的美味了。
     For centuries jellies have figured importantly among English desserts, particularly upon festive occasion.
     幾個世紀以來，凝膠劑在英國甜點中扮演著很重要的角色，尤其是在節(jié)日的時候。Yogurt serve with honey is a popular Greek dessert.加蜜的酸奶是一道人們喜愛的希臘甜點。
     Any of various soft sweet desserts thickened is usually made with flour and baked or boiled or steamed.
     各種軟的加糖的甜點，通常用面粉增稠，然后烘焙、煮或蒸。
     Pudding is a sweet dessert, usually containing flour or a cereal product that has been boiled, steamed, or baked.
     布丁是一種通常由煮過、蒸過或烤過的面粉與谷物制成的甜食。
     Fruit pudding is sweetened dough wrapped around fruit, such as an apple, baked and served as a dessert.
     水果布丁包是有水果(如蘋果)餡的甜面，烤制后用作點心。
     Fruit dessert is made of oranges and bananas with shredded coconut.
     水果甜點由橘子、香蕉和切碎的椰子組成。
     Torte is a dessert of firm, smooth custard with a topping of caramel syrup.
     果醬餅是一種有堅硬的光滑酥皮且頂部有焦糖色果汁的甜點心。
     The custard tart is regarded as one of Britain's traditional dishes. It remained a favourite over the centuries and is just as popular today.
     蛋撻是公認的英國傳統(tǒng)美食之一，幾百年來一直深得人們的喜愛，直到今天仍然廣受歡迎。
     Queen Elizabeth the II was also served custard tart as the dessert for her recent 80th birthday celebration.
     女王伊麗莎白二世80歲的壽宴上，蛋撻也被作為甜點款待賓客。
     Today, custard tarts are usually made from short crust pastry, eggs, sugar, milk or cream, and vanilla, sprinkled with nutmeg and baked.
     如今，蛋撻通常以松脆的酥皮、雞蛋、糖、牛奶或奶油、香草為原料，撒上肉豆蔻烤制而成。
     To make them a special treat The custard tarts can be topped with fresh strawberries or raspberries.
     以蛋撻款待尊貴的客人時，還可以在頂部放上新鮮的草莓或覆盆子。
     Trifle is a dish made from thick custard, fruit, sponge cake, fruit juice, and whipped cream.
     水果松糕是由蛋奶沙司、水果、海綿蛋糕、果汁和攪打過的奶油特制而成。
     These ingredients are usually arranged in layers with fruit and sponge on the bottom, and custard and cream on top.
     水果和海綿蛋糕放在下層，蛋奶沙司和奶油放在上層。
     Some trifles contain a small amount of alcohol such as port or, most commonly, sweet sherry.
     有些水果松糕含有一點點酒精，比如波提葡萄酒，最常見的是加一點甜雪利酒。
     Scones are a British snack of Scottish origin, similar to a quick bread made of wheat, barley or oatmeal.
     烤餅是從蘇格蘭流傳而來的英國小吃，與小麥、大麥或燕麥烤制的面包有幾分相像。
     British scones are often lightly sweetened, but may also be savory. They are often eaten with jam and cream.
     英國烤餅通常有一點點甜，也有比較咸的。烤餅通常搭配著果醬、奶油一起食用。
     Cheddar cheese is a hard, pale yellow to orange, sharp-tasting cheese originally (and still) made in the English village of Cheddar, in Somerset.
     車達奶酪很硬，從淡黃色到橙色都有，奶酪味很重，最早（現(xiàn)在）在英國桑莫塞郡車達村產(chǎn)出。
     Cheddar cheese is the most popular cheese in the United Kingdom, accounting for just over 50% of the country's annual cheese market.
     在英聯(lián)邦，車達奶酪是最受歡迎的，每年占有全國奶酪市場50%的份額。
     Trifle made in individual portions makes an Ideal Desert for Weddings or large Social Gatherings.
     單份呈現(xiàn)的水果松糕可成為婚禮或者社交場合的一個完美甜點。
     Ice cream has been one of the world's best-loved desserts for centuries.
     冰激凌是幾個世紀以來世界上最受歡迎的甜點之一。
     It is easy to make ice cream at home. All you need is eggs, milk, sugar and some fruit or chocolate.
     在家做冰激凌很容易。你需要的只是雞蛋、牛奶、糖、一些水果或巧克力。
     The double-decker macaroon is two shells of the meringue-like pastry held together by creamy ganache filling.
     雙層蛋白杏仁甜餅--一種由奶油巧克力淋醬填充的雙層蛋白糖糕。
     The ingredients for the perfect milkshake are extremely good ice cream mixed with just the right amount of milk, and a classic American setting.
     完美奶昔的配方是優(yōu)質(zhì)冰激凌配上適量牛奶，再加上典型的美國風格裝飾，一杯完美奶昔即制成了。