外國(guó)人最想和你聊的文化話題：軟飲料

　Realize Soft Drinks　認(rèn)識(shí)軟飲料

     1　何為軟飲料及其危害
     A soft drink (also called pop, soda, coke, soda pop, fizzy drink, or carbonated beverage) is a non-alcoholic beverage that typically contains carbonated water, a sweetening agent, and a flavoring agent. The sweetening agent may be sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, or a sugar substitute (in the case of diet drinks). A soft drink may also contain caffeine or fruit juice.
     Products such as energy drinks, Kool-Aid, and pure juice are not considered to be soft drinks. Other beverages not considered to be soft drinks are hot chocolate, hot tea, coffee, milk, milkshakes, and schorle.
     Soft drinks are called "soft" in contrast to "hard drinks" (alcoholic beverages). Small amounts of alcohol may be present in a soft drink, but the alcohol content must be less than 0.5% of the total volume if the drink is to be considered non-alcoholic.
     Widely sold soft drink flavors are cola, lemon-lime, root beer, orange, grape, vanilla, ginger ale, fruit punch, sparkling lemonade, squash, and flavored water.
     Soft drinks may be served chilled or at room temperature. They are rarely heated.
     Many soft drinks contain ingredients that are themselves sources of concern：caffeine is linked to anxiety and sleep disruption when consumed in excess, and the health effects of high-fructose corn syrup and artificial sweeteners remain controversial. Sodium benzoate has been investigated as a possible cause of DNA damage and hyperactivity. In 1998, the Center for Science in the Public Interest published a report titled Liquid Candy：How Soft Drinks are Harming Americans' Health. The report examined statistics relating to the soaring consumption of soft drinks, particularly by children, and the consequent health ramifications, including tooth decay, nutritional depletion, obesity, type diabetes, and heart disease.
     2　軟飲料的表達(dá)方式
     （1）常見軟飲料的知名品牌的表達(dá)方式
     Coca-Cola　可口可樂
     Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in the stores, restaurants, and vending machines of more than 200 countries. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke.
     Mirinda　美年達(dá)
     Mirinda is a brand of soft drink originally created in Spain, but with global distribution.The word Mirinda means "admirable, wonderful" in Esperanto.
     Sprite　雪碧
     Fanta　芬達(dá)
     Fanta is a global brand of fruit-flavored carbonated soft drinks from the Coca-Cola Company. There are over 90 flavors worldwide.
     Nestle　雀巢
     Nestlé S.A. is one of the largest food and nutrition companies in the world, founded and headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland.
     （2）常見軟飲料類型的表達(dá)方式
     carbonated drink/sodas　　　碳酸飲料(汽水)類
     juice　　　　　　　　　　　 果汁
     vegetable beverage　　　　　蔬菜汁飲料
     dairy drinks　　　　　　　　含乳飲料
     coconut milk drink　　　　　椰子汁飲料
     soybean beverage　　　　　　大豆飲料
     現(xiàn)在市面上充斥著各種各樣的軟飲料，但是很多軟飲料對(duì)身體有害處。美國(guó)科學(xué)家最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，軟飲料對(duì)牙齒具有很強(qiáng)的腐蝕性，其中部分碳酸類飲料的腐蝕性堪比蓄電池使用的酸液。橙汁和運(yùn)動(dòng)型飲料也會(huì)腐蝕牙齒，但可樂類飲料的腐蝕性更強(qiáng)。在服用后前三分鐘，可樂類飲料的腐蝕性是果汁類飲料的10倍。美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)科學(xué)家警告說(shuō)，過(guò)量飲用軟飲料將加速衰老過(guò)程。
Part 2　Key words ＆ Sentences　關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)全知道
     Coca-cola is sold in more than 200 countries worldwide and is the biggest-selling soft drink in history.
     可口可樂是行銷全球的知名軟飲料品牌，超過(guò)200個(gè)國(guó)家都可以買到它。
     Now, you may get a can of Coca-Cola out of a machine or a cup self-served from a fountain at a fast food restaurant, but until the 1960s, both small-town and big-city dwellers would sit down in their local soda fountain or ice cream parlor for the soft drinks.
     現(xiàn)在你可以在販賣機(jī)里買到瓶裝可口可樂，或者是跟速食店的柜臺(tái)人員買杯裝。但是在1960年以前，不管是小城鎮(zhèn)或者是大城市的居民，都必須坐在商店里才能喝到飲料。
     Whereas outside the USA Coke tends to be a young person's drink, inside the USA anybody of any age or income can drink it without embarrassment on any occasion.
     在美國(guó)，任何人，不論年齡大小、收入多少，都可以在任何場(chǎng)合飲用可口可樂而不至于有任何不自在的感覺。但在美國(guó)之外，可口可樂往往是青年人的飲料。
     Coke is not the only "cola" drink. Pepsi Cola is a well-known rival and has its devotees, for it is not as sweet as Coke.
     可口可樂不是唯一的可樂飲料。百事可樂是它的著名競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手并擁有自己的愛好者，因?yàn)樗幌窨煽诳蓸纺敲刺稹?br />      Cola drinks contain caffeine from the kola nut and are the only soft drinks which are stimulating as well as refreshing.
     可樂飲料含有從可拉果中提取的咖啡因，并且是唯一的既可提神又有刺激性的軟飲料。
     A high percentage of the population consumes a variety of soft drinks on a daily basis.
     高比例的人口每天消費(fèi)各種軟飲料。
     Many of these soft drinks contain sugar and various additives and have a low pH.
     許多軟飲料含有糖和各種添加劑，并且pH值很低。
     Most of the students said they drank anywhere between one and six servings of soft drinks per week.
     絕大多數(shù)學(xué)生稱，他們每周飲用一到六份軟飲料。
     Research shows that phosphate, which gives many soft drinks their tangy taste, can accelerate ageing.
     研究表明，讓很多軟飲料擁有濃烈味道的磷酸鹽能加速衰老。
     Aside from being damaging for our figure and our bones, it turns out that fizzy drinks are also bad for our skin, for they contain phosphate, which speeds up the aging process, a recent study cited.
     一項(xiàng)最新研究顯示，軟飲料除了會(huì)破壞體型、損傷骨骼外，還會(huì)損害我們的皮膚，這是因?yàn)檐涳嬃现泻械牧姿猁}會(huì)加速衰老的進(jìn)程。
     People who drink two or more sweetened soft drinks a week have a much higher risk of pancreatic cancer, an unusual but deadly cancer, researchers reported.
     醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員表示，每周飲用兩瓶或更多加糖軟飲料的人患胰腺癌的幾率要比一般人高出87%。
     A major consumer group today called for a government ban on two types of caramel coloring used in colas, warning that the ingredients could cause cancer.
     一消費(fèi)組織要求政府禁止可樂中添加兩種焦糖色素，警告說(shuō)這類成分可能致癌。
     But not only has Coca-Cola become a byword for American world domination, it is now the most littered brand in the UK, according to figures released today.
     然而，最新公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，可口可樂不僅是美國(guó)占據(jù)世界的品牌，現(xiàn)如今也是英國(guó)最垃圾的品牌。
     A survey of litter dropped across the country found the firm's bottles and cans accounted for a total of 4.9 per cent of discarded trash.
     在英國(guó)被隨地亂扔的垃圾當(dāng)中，可口可樂的空瓶空罐占4.9%的比率。
     Coke, the world' s largest soft drink maker, denied that the formula is the same as the one for its cola, which is kept in an Atlanta bank vault.
     全球最大的軟飲料生產(chǎn)商可口可樂公司否認(rèn)被公布的配方屬實(shí)，稱真實(shí)的配方一直保存在亞特蘭大一家銀行的保險(xiǎn)庫(kù)里。
     Soft drink consumption may be linked to weight gain.
     軟飲料可能引發(fā)肥胖。
     The AHA notes that one 12-ounce can of cola contains about 8 teaspoons of sugar, or about 130 calories. That's more than the AHA suggests for a moderately active woman in her early 50s.
     AHA指出，一罐12盎司的可樂含約8茶匙的糖，或是130卡的熱量，這高于AHA對(duì)50多歲適度活躍女性飲食添加糖分的建議量。
     Drinking one or more soft drinks a day may increase the risk of getting heart disease, media reports.
     有報(bào)道指出，每天喝軟飲料會(huì)增加患心臟病的危險(xiǎn)。
     The research published in the U.S. Heart Association's journal Circulation finds that adults who drink one or more soft drinks a day have about a 50 percent higher risk of metabolic syndrome, which in turn boosts the chance of getting heart disease.
     美國(guó)心臟學(xué)會(huì)官方出版物《循環(huán)》的一項(xiàng)研究表明，每天喝軟飲料的成人將會(huì)比常人患代謝綜合病的比率高50%，因而患心臟病的可能性就大大增加了。