外國人最想和你聊的文化話題：古典民樂

　Realize Chinese National Music　認(rèn)識古典民樂
     1　古典民樂的簡介
     Chinese national music is the traditional art or court music of China. It has a long history stretching for more than three thousand years. It has its own unique systems of musical notation, as well as musical tuning and pitch, musical instruments and styles or musical genres.
     Chinese national music is pentatonic-diatonic, having a scale of twelve notes to an octave as does European-influenced music.
     Chinese national music appeared dating back to the dawn of Chinese civilization, and documents and artifacts provide evidence of a well-developed musical culture as early as Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC-256 BC).
     National music is probably more familiar with us than we might think at first image. Indeed, it is all around us in the past and can be noticed in restaurants, supermarkets, lifts, advertisements or in television programmes.
     Unluckily, while national music is socially undivisive in itself, it has unfortunately become associated in most people's minds with the intellectual elite. Even now, and with certain honorable exceptions, the attending of a live concert can be an intimidating (not to say costly) experience for the uninitiated, especially in that most jealously guarded of establishments, the opera house. The wonderful thing about the technological age in which we live, and particularly the advent of the compact disc, is that we can bypass all irrelevant social and intellectual pretence, and enjoy in the comfort of our own home (often at far less cost) some of the finest music ever composed.
     2　古典民樂的樂器種類和名曲
     （1）古典民樂的樂器
     National and popular music are often distinguished by their choice of instruments. There are few if any genres in which so many different instruments are used simultaneously by performing groups such as symphony orchestras, which often contain as many as 5 or so different types of string instruments including violins, violas, cellos, double basses and harp; 7 or more types of woodwind instruments; 4 or so types of brass instrument; and many diverse percussion instruments, sometimes as many as 10 different types. Also prevalent, especially in opera, is the human voice.
     Woodwind and percussion 　　　　管樂器和打擊樂器
     Bowed strings 　　　　　　　　弓弦樂器
     Plucked and struck strings 　　 撥弦樂器
     （2）十大名曲
     Lofty mountains and flowing water　　 　高山流水
     Guangling san　　　　　　　　　　　 　　廣陵散
     Wild geese on the sandbank 　　　　　 　平沙落雁
     Three stanzas of plum-blossoms　　　 　 梅花三弄
     Ambush on all sides 　　　　　　　　 　 十面埋伏
     Flute and drum at sunset 　　　　　　 　夕陽簫鼓
     Dialogue of fisherman and woodsman 　 　漁樵問答
     Eighteen passages of the hu jia 　　　 胡笳十八拍
     Autumn moon over the han palace 　　　 漢宮秋月
     The spring snow 　　　　　　　　　　 　 陽春白雪
     現(xiàn)代流行樂好聽，但在我們骨子里不能忘記那原汁原味的民族音樂。那是經(jīng)歷了歷史的洗禮，歲月的滄桑，世世代代勤勞善良的中國各民族智慧的結(jié)晶，是中華的驕傲。
     歸根結(jié)底，時代在進(jìn)步，人也要進(jìn)步，但是老祖宗留下的東西是我們一輩子的財富。我們不能忘！就算是再多元化也的音樂，再流行的旋律，我們樸實(shí)的民族之魂不能丟！
Part 2　Key words ＆ Sentences　關(guān)鍵詞語全知道
     Pipa is a plucked Chinese string instrument. Sometimes called the Chinese lute. The instrument has a pear-shaped wooden body. It has been played for nearly two thousand years of history in China, and belongs to the plucked category of instruments.
     琵琶是一種撥弦樂器，有時也叫魯特琴，它的形狀有點(diǎn)像梨，木頭做的，已經(jīng)有兩千多年的歷史了。
     Guzheng is a traditional Chinese musical instrument.
     古箏是一種傳統(tǒng)的古典音樂樂器。
     Yangqin is a Chinese hammered dulcimer originally from Persia.
     揚(yáng)琴是中國的一種起源于波斯的打擊類琴。
     Guanglingsan is one of the longest Guqin tablatures.
     《廣陵散》是我國篇幅最長的古琴曲之一。
     Wild geese on the sandbank is the most widely circulated work in the last 300 years.
     《平沙落雁》是近300年來流傳最廣泛的作品。
     Chinese national folk music flows in our blood.
     中國的古典民樂流淌在我們的血液之中。
     Chinese national music plays an important role in the world music.
     中國古典音樂在世界音樂中占有重要的地位。
     Xun is the most unspeakable musical thing of all. It's made from clay. It's sound like the sob of the clay, like the sacrificial lambs deeply buried over thousands of years with endless sadness to tell.
     塤是所有樂器中最無法言喻的東西。它的成分是泥土，發(fā)出的聲音也是泥土的嗚咽，仿佛沉埋千年后的殉葬品，有永遠(yuǎn)訴不盡的傷感。
     Han dynasty's Qiang flute is the source of Xiao.
     今日洞簫之源就是漢代的羌笛。
     Pipa has very soft line and shape, demurely placed like a sexy woman.
     琵琶的線條和形態(tài)很柔美，嫻靜地擺在那里猶如一個性感的女人。
     The brilliant achievements of Chinese music in the past have shocked many people.
     中國音樂過去的輝煌成就，曾震撼了無數(shù)世人。
     Confucianism has a very big effect on folk music.
     儒家思想對民樂有很大的影響。
     Listening to the national music is a kind of enjoyment of the beauty.
     聽古典音樂是一種美的享受。
     Now fewer and fewer people can understand national music.
     現(xiàn)在能懂古典音樂的人越來越少了。
     Each kind of instrument has its unique sound.
     每一種樂器都有其獨(dú)特的音效。
     Chinese national music can cultivate one's taste.
     古典音樂能陶冶人的情操。
     Qin, pipa and guzheng are the most famous in China's national music.
     琴，琵琶和古箏，這三種樂器在古典樂中是最出名的。
     National music has a long history.
     古典樂距今已有很長的歷史了。
     Chinese classic folk music has a wild difference from foreign national music.
     中國古典民樂和外國的古典樂有很大的差別。
Part 3　Let's Talk！　開始交流吧
     Yan Qin：Hi, ZhangKe, what kind of music do you like to listen to?
     嚴(yán)秦：張科，你喜歡聽什么音樂啊？
     Zhang Ke：No particular favorite, but mainly listen to pop, and you?
     張科：沒有特別喜歡的，但主要還是聽流行的，你呢？
     Yan Qin：You might be very surprised, because I like to listen to national ones.
     嚴(yán)秦：說出來你可能會很詫異，我喜歡聽古典的。
     Zhang Ke：Really? Is not true that only the old like to listen to the national ones?
     張科：是嗎？古典音樂不是都是年長的人喜歡聽嗎？
     Yan Qin：Oh, yeah, in our fixed thinking, it seems that only our parents listen to them, but national music is regardless of age.
     嚴(yán)秦：呵呵，是啊，在我們的固定思維里，似乎只有我們父母那一輩的才聽，可是古典音樂也是不分年齡的。
     Zhang ke：Oh, and are there any differences between the popular and the national music?
     張科：哦，那流行音樂和古典音樂有什么區(qū)別嗎？
     Yan Qin：Of course, quite different, the national focuses on the conception and a refreshing feeling, which can make us feel at site. With a lot of national instruments, the national can have different sound and produce different feelings. The popular generally relies on the pronunciation, the melody is relatively tacky.
     嚴(yán)秦：當(dāng)然了，區(qū)別可大了，古典音樂講究的是那種意境，一種心曠神怡的感覺，能讓人身臨其境，而且古典樂器很多，不同的樂器有不同的音效、不同的感覺。而流行的音樂一般都是靠發(fā)音，旋律比較俗氣。
     Zhang Ke：You seem to know lots of national music! Which music do you like most?
     張科：看來你對古典音樂很有研究?。∧悄阕钕矚g哪首??？
     Yan Qin：Lofty Mountain and Flowing Water, while listening to the song, I feel that I see the mountains and hear the sound of water.
     嚴(yán)秦：《高山流水》，聽這首曲子，我感覺看到了高山，聽到了水聲。
     Zhang Ke：So amazing, I want to hear it, you have that CD?
     張科：這么神奇啊，我也想聽一下，你那有CD嗎？
     Yan Qin：Yeah, tomorrow I will bring it to you.
     嚴(yán)秦：有啊，明天帶給你聽一下啊。
     Zhang Ke：Good.
     張科：好的。