外國(guó)人最想和你聊的時(shí)事話題：海洋
- 雙語(yǔ)介紹
- 關(guān)鍵詞句
What is ocean 什么是海洋
An ocean (from Greek, "okeanos" Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71％ of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas.
More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (‰) (3.5％), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ‰. Scientists estimate that 230,000 marine species are currently known, but the total could be up to 10 times that number.
Though generally described as several "separate" oceans, these waters comprise one global, interconnected body of salt water sometimes referred to as the World Ocean or global ocean. This concept of a continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts is of fundamental importance to oceanography.
The major oceanic divisions are defined in part by the continents, various archipelagos, and other criteria. These divisions are (in descending order of size):
·Pacific Ocean, which separates Asia and Australia from the Americas
·Atlantic Ocean, which separates the Americas from Eurasia and Africa
·Indian Ocean, which washes upon southern Asia and separates Africa and Australia
·Southern Ocean, sometimes considered an extension of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, which encircles Antarctica.
·Arctic Ocean, sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic, which covers much of the Arctic and washes upon northern North America and Eurasia.
The Pacific and Atlantic may be further subdivided by the equator into northern and southern portions. Smaller regions of the oceans are called seas, gulfs, bays, straits and other names.
Geologically, an ocean is an area of oceanic crust covered by water. Oceanic crust is the thin layer of solidified volcanic basalt that covers the Earth's mantle. Continental crust is thicker but less dense. From this perspective, the earth has three oceans: the World Ocean, the Caspian Sea, and Black Sea. The latter two were formed by the collision of Cimmeria with Laurasia. The Mediterranean Sea is at times a discrete ocean, because tectonic plate movement has repeatedly broken its connection to the World Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar. The Black Sea is connected to the Mediterranean through the Bosporus, but the Bosporus is a natural canal cut through continental rock some 7,000 years ago, rather than a piece of oceanic sea floor like the Strait of Gibraltar.
Despite their names, smaller landlocked bodies of saltwater that are not connected with the World Ocean, such as the Aral Sea, are actually salt lakes.
海洋災(zāi)害（marine hazards）主要指風(fēng)暴潮（storm tide）災(zāi)害、巨浪（billow）災(zāi)害，海冰（sea ice）災(zāi)害、海霧(sea fog)災(zāi)害、大風(fēng)災(zāi)害及地震海嘯(earthquake and tsunami)災(zāi)害等突發(fā)性的自然災(zāi)害(natural calamities)。
引發(fā)海洋災(zāi)害的原因主要有大氣的強(qiáng)烈擾動(dòng)，如熱帶氣旋(tropical cyclone)、溫帶氣旋(extra tropical cyclone)等；海洋水體本身的擾動(dòng)或狀態(tài)驟變；海底地震（submarine earthquake）、火山爆發(fā)（volcanic explosion）及其伴生之海底滑坡（submarine landslide）、地裂縫（ground fissure）等。 海洋自然災(zāi)害不僅威脅海上及海岸，有些還危及自岸向陸廣大縱深地區(qū)的城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的安全。世界上經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的海洋國(guó)家以及有關(guān)國(guó)際組織，都很重視海洋災(zāi)害的預(yù)警和防御。海洋災(zāi)害（現(xiàn)象）發(fā)生、發(fā)展、移行和消失的監(jiān)視監(jiān)測(cè)，是預(yù)警和防御體系最重要和最基本的內(nèi)容。全球范圍的海洋災(zāi)害監(jiān)視監(jiān)測(cè)是通過(guò)海洋監(jiān)測(cè)（marine monitoring）或觀測(cè)網(wǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
The sea is very big, which covers three quarters of the globe.
海洋很大，地球的四分之三是海洋。
Do you feel the allure of the sea?
你是否感受到海洋的魅力？
A dream is more romantic than scarlet pagodas by a silver sea.
夢(mèng)中的風(fēng)光比銀白海洋旁邊緋紅的寶塔更加旖旎艷麗。
A freighter slipped by, and heading seaward.
一艘貨船朝著海洋方向駛?cè)ァ?br /> Convection is the principal agent of heat transfer in the atmosphere and oceans.
對(duì)流是大氣和海洋中熱傳輸?shù)闹饕绞健?br /> Pollutants may also aggravate natural changes in the marine environment.
污染物也會(huì)加劇海洋環(huán)境的變化。
She sucked up the warm moist air from near the surface of the sea.
她吸收了海洋表面潮濕的熱氣。
The ocean was filled with turtles and fish, which is ready for the net.
海洋里魚(yú)鱉成群，張網(wǎng)可得。
The sea is the world's greatest storehouse of raw materials.
海洋是世界上最大的原料寶庫(kù)。
The oceans are large bodies of water.
海洋是廣大的水域。
A large proportion of the earth surface is ocean.
地球表面大部分是海洋。
Marine environmental pollution treatment is a task that brooks no delay.
治理海洋環(huán)境污染已刻不容緩。
China will pay attention to basic research and marshal all necessary forces to tackle key oceanographic problems, develop marine high-techs, and constantly improve the technological levels of marine development and services.
中國(guó)將重視基礎(chǔ)研究，組織海洋關(guān)鍵技術(shù)攻關(guān)，發(fā)展海洋高技術(shù)，不斷提高海洋開(kāi)發(fā)和海洋服務(wù)領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)水平。
It is said that here used to be an ocean.
據(jù)說(shuō)這里過(guò)去是個(gè)海洋。
It will mobilize people from all walks of life to take part in the protection of marine resources and the marine environment and enhance their consciousness of the need to cherish and protect the ocean.
將廣泛動(dòng)員社會(huì)各界參與海洋資源和環(huán)境保護(hù)，增強(qiáng)廣大民眾熱愛(ài)海洋、保護(hù)海洋的意識(shí)。
Part 3 Let's Talk！ 開(kāi)始交流吧！
Adam: It is said there was an oil leak accident last week.
亞當(dāng)：聽(tīng)說(shuō)上周發(fā)生了油輪泄漏的事故。
John: Yes, it's an America oil tanker.
約翰：是的，是美國(guó)的一艘油輪。
Adam: A large acreage of ocean is covered by oil, which lead to severe pollution.
亞當(dāng)：大面積的海洋都被石油覆蓋了，造成了嚴(yán)重的污染。
John: Yes. The water of this area cannot be used any more.
約翰： 是的。這片海域的海水無(wú)法再被利用。
Adam: Besides, the creatures that live in this area will die.
亞當(dāng)：而且生活在這片海域的海洋生物也將因此而死亡。
John: The ample ocean applies extremely abundant resources for human beings. But because of human behavior, many seas have been seriously polluted.
約翰：廣闊的海洋為人類(lèi)提供了極其豐富的資源。然而由于人們的行為，很多海域都已經(jīng)受到嚴(yán)重的污染。
Adam: People always ignore the impact of future while purchasing contemporary benefit.
亞當(dāng)：人們總是追求當(dāng)前的利益而忽視對(duì)于未來(lái)的影響。
John: Over fishing cause the extinction of many marine creatures； the extract of bethal oil lead to continuous geological hazards； the discharge of domestic garbage heavily polluted the sea.
約翰：過(guò)度的捕撈造成大量海洋生物滅絕；海底石油的開(kāi)采導(dǎo)致了不斷的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害；生活垃圾的排放使得海水嚴(yán)重污染。
Adam: What's more, genovariation happens to many creatures due to pollution.
亞當(dāng)：不僅如此，還有很多生物由于污染而發(fā)生了變異。
John: It's terrible.
約翰：太可怕了。
Adam: The government should decree some laws and policies to restrict people's destructive behaviors.
亞當(dāng)：政府應(yīng)當(dāng)頒布相關(guān)法律政策對(duì)人類(lèi)的破壞性行為進(jìn)行限制。
John: In fact, many countries had formulated and decreed the marine animal protection law and marine environment protection convention.
約翰：事實(shí)上，很多國(guó)家已經(jīng)制定并頒布了海洋動(dòng)物保護(hù)法以及海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)公約。
Adam: How about the effect?
亞當(dāng)：效果如何？
John: There are still many people who neglect these laws and regulations just for their interests.
約翰：仍然有很多人為了自己的利益無(wú)視這些法律和規(guī)定。
Adam: They should have known the severe outcome of their behaviors.
亞當(dāng)：他們應(yīng)當(dāng)知道自己的行為會(huì)造成多么嚴(yán)重的后果。
John: The laws always restrict those who have conscience.
約翰：法律總是用來(lái)約束那些有良知的人們。
Adam: I hope those gainful people can awake earlier.
亞當(dāng)：希望那些唯利是圖的人能夠早日覺(jué)醒。
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