外國人最想和你聊的時事話題：林學
- 雙語介紹
- 關(guān)鍵詞句
What is forestry 什么是林學
Forestry is the art and science of tree resources, including plantations and natural stands. The main goal of forestry is to create and implement systems that allow forests to continue a sustainable provision of environmental supplies and services. The challenge of forestry is to create systems that are socially accepted while sustaining the resource and any other resources that might be affected.
Silviculture, a related science, involves the growing and tending of trees and forests. Modern forestry generally embraces a broad range of concerns, including assisting forests to provide timber as raw material for wood products, wildlife habitat, natural water quality management, recreation, landscape and community protection, employment, aesthetically appealing landscapes, biodiversity management, watershed management, erosion control, and preserving forests as "sinks" for atmospheric carbon dioxide. A practitioner of forestry is known as a forester. The word "forestry" can also refer to a forest itself.
Forest ecosystems have come to be seen as the most important component of the biosphere, and forestry has emerged as a vital field of science, applied art, and technology.
Foresters work for the timber industry, government agencies, conservation groups, local authorities, urban parks boards, citizens'associations, and private landowners. The forestry profession includes a wide diversity of jobs, with educational requirements ranging from college bachelor's degrees to PhDs for highly specialized work. Industrial foresters plan forest regeneration starting with careful harvesting. Urban foresters manage trees in urban green spaces. Foresters work in tree nurseries growing seedlings for woodland creation or regeneration projects. Foresters improve tree genetics. Forest engineers develop new building systems. Professional foresters measure and model the growth of forests with tools like geographic information systems. Foresters may combat insect infestation, disease, forest and grassland wildfire, but increasingly allow these natural aspects of forest ecosystems to run their course when the likelihood of epidemics or risk of life or property are low. Increasingly, foresters participate in wildlife conservation planning and watershed protection. Foresters have been mainly concerned with timber management, especially reforestation, maintaining forests at prime conditions, and fire control.
林學（forestry）是研究森林的形成、發(fā)展、管理以及資源再生(resource recycling)和保護利用的理論與技術(shù)的科學，屬于自然科學(natural science)范疇。林學是一門研究如何認識森林、培育森林、經(jīng)營森林、保護森林和合理利用森林的學科，它是在其他自然學科發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上，形成和發(fā)展起來的綜合性的應(yīng)用學科(comprehensive applied sciences)。
廣義的林學包括以木材采運工藝(technique of timber logging and transportation)和加工工藝為中心的森林工業(yè)(forest industry)技術(shù)學科。
狹義的林學以培育和經(jīng)營管理森林的科學技術(shù)為主體，包含諸如森林植物學(forest botany)、森林生態(tài)學(forest ecology)、林木育種學(forest tree breeding)、造林學(silviculture)、木材學(xylology)、森林經(jīng)理學(forest management)等許多學科，有時也可稱之為營林科學，尤其是現(xiàn)在對于森林的重新認識，已經(jīng)把合理的可持續(xù)發(fā)展(sustainable development)的經(jīng)營理念滲透到森林經(jīng)營當中，重視的不是砍伐而是科學的經(jīng)營手段。
A huge forest fire broke out after the lightning struck. (break out).
閃電打下來之后，突然引起一場森林大火。
An airplane was spiraling over a forest.
一架飛機正在森林上空盤旋。
China firs of mainland China are used here in reforestation work.
該地用中國大陸的杉木以更新森林。
Forest covered every portion, while there are fragmentary of cultivated soil.
森林覆蓋四野，耕地零星可見。
He walked through the gloom of the thick forest.
他穿過茂密陰暗的森林。
The hikers threaded their way through the thick forest.
徒步旅行者穿過茂密的森林。
Tropical forests are characterized by a rapid turnover of nutrients.
熱帶森林的特點是養(yǎng)分周轉(zhuǎn)快。
In Brazil, many ancient forests are very well preserves.
在巴西，古老的森林保存十分完好。
The stream wanders through the forest.
小溪蜿蜒流過森林。
Shots went through the forest.
森林中槍聲四起。
The railway cuts through a primeval forest.
鐵路穿越原始森林。
The forest was almost impassable.
森林幾乎不可逾越。
The hurricane flattened the forest.
颶風夷平了森林。
The forests capped the mountains.
山頂上覆蓋了森林。
The village is situated at the margin of a forest.
村子位于森林的邊緣。
A smell of gunpowder penetrated the woods.
森林中彌漫著火藥味。
The decrease of forest will lead to the environment pollution, so we must pay enough attention.
森林的減少會導(dǎo)致環(huán)境的污染，因此必須引起注意。
The coverage of forest of many countries is suffering a continuous decrease.
許多國家的森林覆蓋率都在不斷減少。
Part 3 Let's Talk！ 開始交流吧！
Paddy: Do you know that China is suffering a fairly serious drought at the moment?
帕迪： 你知道現(xiàn)在中國正經(jīng)歷著嚴重的干旱災(zāi)情嗎？
Jim: I saw something the newspaper about it. What's going on?
吉姆：我在報紙上看到一些。發(fā)生什么事了？
Paddy: Apparently 60 million people have been affected by it. In some places there is not even enough water for showers and laundry!
帕迪：顯然6億人都受此影響。在一些地方，甚至沒有足夠的水用來洗澡和洗衣服。
Jim: Which parts of China are affected?
吉姆：中國的哪些地方受到影響了？
Paddy: Mostly Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Chongqing. The problem is that it is pushing food prices sky high...
帕迪：大多數(shù)在云南、廣西、四川、貴州和重慶。問題是這樣的情況迫使食品價格飆升。
Jim: These middle-area cities are underdeveloped, and this drought is nothing else but adding insult to injury.
吉姆：這些中部城市經(jīng)濟發(fā)展本就落后，這次的旱災(zāi)無異于雪上加霜。
Paddy: Yes.
帕迪：是的。
Jim: So what has caused this drought?
吉姆：是什么引起了這次旱災(zāi)的？
Paddy: Deforestation and mining mainly. It doesn't help when the price of gold is at an all time high. Companies will just clear the land and uproot trees to make money.
帕迪：主要是森林砍伐和采礦。當黃金價格總是很高的時候，這在所難免。公司只會去清理土地，將樹連根拔起，以此賺錢。
Jim: Oh dear, it looks like tough times ahead for a lot of people in western china.
吉姆：天啊，看樣子對于中國西部地區(qū)的很多人來說，之后會有一段艱苦歲月了。
Paddy: Not only in China, many other countries are suffering the same experience.
帕迪：不僅是中國，其他很多國家也遭受著同樣的經(jīng)歷。
Jim: It seems that it is significant to protect forests.
吉姆：看來保護森林是非常重要的。
Paddy: However, many countries still not aware of this problem, the cover rate of global forest is decreasing gradually.
帕迪：但是很多國家還沒有意識到這個問題，全球森林的覆蓋率正在不斷下降。
Jim: How about our country?
吉姆：我國的情況如何呢？
Paddy: Owing to the increasing attention of forests protection, the forest covering rate of our country is keeping ahead around the world.
帕迪：由于近些年越來越重視森林的保護，我國的森林覆蓋率在世界上居于領(lǐng)先地位。
Jim: I'm very happy to hear that.
吉姆：聽到這個消息我很高興。
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