外國(guó)人最想和你聊的時(shí)事話題：水污染
- 雙語(yǔ)介紹
- 關(guān)鍵詞句
What is water pollution 什么是水污染
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water, and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.
Water pollution is a major global problem. It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day. Some 90％ of China's cities suffer from some degree of water pollution, and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. In the most recent national report on water quality in the United States, 45 percent of assessed stream miles, 47 percent of assessed lake acres, and 32 percent of assessed bay and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted.
Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use, such as drinking water, and/or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its constituent biotic communities, such as fish. Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water.
The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical or sensory changes such as elevated temperature and discoloration. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be naturally occurring(calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, etc.) the concentration is often the key in determining what is a natural component of water, and what is a contaminant. High concentrations of naturally-occurring substances can have negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna.
Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials, such as plant matter (e.g. leaves and grass) as well as man-made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may cause turbidity (cloudiness) which blocks light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs the gills of some fish species.
Many of the chemical substances are toxic. Pathogens can produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts. Alteration of water's physical chemistry includes acidity (change in pH), electrical conductivity, temperature, and eutrophication. Eutrophication is an increase in the concentration of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem to an extent that increases in the primary productivity of the ecosystem. Depending on the degree of eutrophication, subsequent negative environmental effects such as anoxia (oxygen depletion) and severe reductions in water quality may occur, affecting fish and other animal populations.
《中華人民共和國(guó)水污染防治法》中為"水污染"（water pollution）下了明確的定義，即水體(water body)因某種物質(zhì)的介入，而導(dǎo)致其化學(xué)、物理、生物或者放射性(radioactivity)等方面特征的改變，從而影響水的有效利用，危害人體健康或者破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境，造成水質(zhì)惡化的現(xiàn)象稱為水污染。
廢水從不同角度有不同的分類方法。據(jù)不同來(lái)源分為生活廢水(sanitary wastewater)和工業(yè)廢水(industrial effluent)兩大類；據(jù)污染物的化學(xué)類別又可分無(wú)機(jī)廢水(inorganic wastewater)與有機(jī)廢水(organic wastewater)；也有按工業(yè)部門或產(chǎn)生廢水的生產(chǎn)工藝分類的，如焦化廢水(coking wastewater)、冶金廢水(metallurgy wastewater)、制藥廢水(medicine wastewater)、食品廢水(food wastewater)等。
Chemical engineers have considerable background that is applicable to water pollution problems.
化學(xué)工程技術(shù)人員具有相當(dāng)多的適用于解決水污染問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。
Many things pollute water, such as tires, trash, and plastic bags.
很多東西使水污染，例如輪胎、垃圾和塑膠袋。
Soil erosion is a main contributor to water pollution.
土壤侵蝕是水污染的一個(gè)主要根源。
In this connection, it is appropriate to recall the guidelines of the United States Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972.
在這方面，我們應(yīng)回憶一下美聯(lián)邦1972年水污染控制法所制定的準(zhǔn)則。
The American Water Works Association and the Water Pollution Control Federation have become collaborators in its preparation.
美國(guó)水工程協(xié)會(huì)和水污染控制聯(lián)合會(huì)在其準(zhǔn)備中已協(xié)同工作。
As solid wastes fill more and more landfills, this form of water pollution is an increasing concern.
隨著垃圾掩埋的增多，這種形式的水污染越來(lái)越受到關(guān)注。
In Weinberger, the goal of the statute was to eliminate water pollution to the extent practicable.
溫伯格一案的目標(biāo)是根除水污染，使其達(dá)到符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的程度。
The provisions of the Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution shall be complied with where they are applicable.
水污染防治法另有規(guī)定的，依照水污染防治法的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。
There is large area karst water being polluted in recent years.
近年來(lái)已有大面積巖溶水污染。
Water pollution has also increased with urban development.
隨著城市的發(fā)展，水污染問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重。
This article analyzes the effect of water pollution to the circulation of the Mengcheng sluice, and puts forward the tactics of governing the water pollution.
文章分析了水污染對(duì)蒙城間運(yùn)行的影響，提出了防治水污染的對(duì)策。
Air and water pollution are our Number One priorities.
空氣和水污染是我們關(guān)注的首要問(wèn)題。
To bring the pollution under permanent control, sustainable development strategy must be carried out.
要實(shí)現(xiàn)淮河水污染的根治，必須實(shí)施可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。
Water pollution has been making more and more water unable for drinking.
水污染正使越來(lái)越多的水沒(méi)辦法供人飲用。
Water pollution reduces the amount of pure, fresh water that is available for such necessities as drinking and cleaning.
水污染使得我們用來(lái)飲用和清洗的純凈新鮮的水資源不斷減少。
Transportation and storage of pesticides and disposal of expired or ineffective pesticides shall be strictly controlled to prevent water pollution.
運(yùn)輸、存貯農(nóng)藥和處置過(guò)期失效農(nóng)藥，必須加強(qiáng)管理，防止造成水污染。
Through the provision of a new sewerage system, some progress is being made in tackling the problem.
在新污水收集系統(tǒng)啟用后，水污染問(wèn)題已有改善。
As the world has industrialized and its population has grown, the problem of water pollution has intensified.
隨著工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的加速和人口的增長(zhǎng)，水污染問(wèn)題變得日益嚴(yán)重。
All units shall strengthen the prevention and control of water pollution to protect and improve water quality.
各單位應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)水污染防治工作，保護(hù)和改善水質(zhì)。
Part 3 Let's Talk！ 開(kāi)始交流吧！
Bonny: We are going to do some research on the pollution of the Pearl River. Do you have any idea about it?
邦尼：我們將做一些關(guān)于珠江污染的研究。你是否有一些關(guān)于它的想法？
Jason: Since pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world, I'm sure a lot of people are interested in this topic.
杰森：由于污染成為世界上最大難題之一，我肯定許多人對(duì)這個(gè)論題有興趣。
Sarah: Polluted water is a great danger to people's health, so I think our work is very meaningful.
莎拉：水污染對(duì)人們的健康損害很大，所以我想我們的工作是很有意義的。
Bonny: First, we can visit some factories along the river.
邦尼：首先，我們可以參觀一下建在河流旁邊的工廠。
Sarah: Yes, then find out the exhausted gas and water that was discharged into the nearby water.
莎拉：是的，然后調(diào)查一下有哪些工廠的廢氣和廢水排放到旁邊的河流里面。
Jason: In addition, we could take a bottle of polluted water and make a sample analysis and compare with water that is not polluted.
杰森：此外，還可以用小瓶取一些水的樣本回來(lái)進(jìn)行分析，并將其與未受到污染的水進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
Sarah: Good idea. After we done the research, we may write a thesis about water pollution.
莎拉：好主意。我們研究完之后可以寫(xiě)一篇有關(guān)于水污染的論文。
Bonny: We may even send the paper to the newspaper.
邦尼：我們甚至可以把文章寄給報(bào)社。
Jason: This can teach people more about the influence of water pollution to our life in details.
杰森：這樣就可以使讀者更具體地了解水污染對(duì)我們的生活造成的影響了。
Sarah: However, what should we do if the factories prevent us from doing research?
莎拉：不過(guò)，如果那些工廠阻止我們進(jìn)行調(diào)研呢？
Bonny: We could elaborate the negative effect of water pollution to them and afford then some effective measurements.
邦尼：我們可以向他們闡明水污染的害處并向他們提供一些有效的解決辦法。
Jason: Right. Increase the public awareness is the most effective way of sewage treatment. The article can make these factories pay more attention to their influence on environment and improve correct their behavior.
杰森：沒(méi)錯(cuò)。提高公眾的意識(shí)是治理水污染最有效的途徑，通過(guò)論文也可以使那些工廠更加關(guān)注自己對(duì)于環(huán)境的影響并進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。
Sarah: Our thoughts are perfect.
莎拉：我認(rèn)為我們的想法很好。
Bonny: Well, we shouldn't wait any more and start working.
邦尼：那還等什么，馬上開(kāi)始行動(dòng)吧。
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