外國人最想和你聊的時事話題：氣候異常
- 雙語介紹
- 關鍵詞句
What is climate abnormality 什么是氣候異常
Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in the average weather conditions, or in a change of the distribution of events around that average (e.g., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or may occur across the whole Earth.
Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. According to the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global surface temperature increased by 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 20th century. Most of the observed temperature increase since the middle of the 20th century has been caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, which result from human activities such as the burning of fossil fuel and deforestation. Global dimming, a reduction of sunlight reaching the surface as a result of increasing atmospheric concentrations of human-made particulates, has partially countered the effects of warming induced by greenhouse gases.
El Nino is defined by prolonged differences in Pacific Ocean surface temperatures when compared with the average value. The accepted definition is a warming or cooling of at least 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) averaged over the east-central tropical Pacific Ocean. Typically, this anomaly happens at irregular intervals of 2-7 years and lasts nine months to two years. The average period length is 5 years. When this warming or cooling occurs for only seven to nine months, it is classified as El Nino/La Nina "conditions"； when it occurs for more than that period, it is classified as El Nino/La Nina "episodes".
La Nina, sometimes informally called "anti-El Nino", is the opposite of El Nino, where the latter corresponds instead to a higher sea surface temperature by a deviation of at least 0.5 °C, and its effects are often the reverse of those of El Nino. El Nino is famous due to its potentially catastrophic impact on the weather along with the Chilean, Peruvian and Australian coasts, among others. La Nina is often preceded by a strong El Nino.
氣候異常(climate abnormality)通常包括全球變暖(global warming)，厄爾尼諾(El Nino)和拉尼娜(La Nina)現象。全球變暖的范圍是全球性的，是溫室效應(green house effect)的一種表現，會引起海平面上升(sea level rise)或是世界經濟結構(economic structure)變化等問題。全球變暖有自然原因也有人為原因。
厄爾尼諾現象是指赤道(the equator)附近太平洋(the pacific ocean)東部熱帶海域的海水溫度異常升溫，導致全球氣候模式發(fā)生變化的一種異常氣候現象。表現為太平洋兩岸的氣溫和降水(precipitation)異常，它會引發(fā)地球上局部地區(qū)干旱(drought)異常，局部地區(qū)卻暴雨(rain storm)洪澇(flood)。
拉尼娜是指赤道太平洋東部和中部海面溫度持續(xù)異常偏冷的現象（與厄爾尼諾現象正好相反），也稱為"反厄爾尼諾"或"冷事件"。
The seldom-seen floods that hit China this past summer were caused mainly by abnormal climate, as well as damages of the ecological environment.
今年中國遭受罕見洪水災害，主要原因是氣候異常，普降暴雨，同時也與生態(tài)環(huán)境遭受破壞有關。
A series of current environmental issues have drawn the concern of governments and people worldwide, such as sharp decrease of global forest areas and subsequent global climate change, land desertification, soil erosion, frequent occurrence of natural disasters, and decline in biodiversity.
當今，森林在全球范圍內的銳減和由此引發(fā)的全球氣候異常、土地荒漠化和水土流失、自然災害頻繁、生物多樣性減少等一系列環(huán)境問題，已經引起各國政府和全世界人民的關注。
An unusually good summer created a buyer's market in tomatoes.
夏季氣候異常好，番茄產量高，造成買方市場。
Because of the unseasonably mild weather conditions caused by the warm wind that swept the Swiss mountains from the south, some events were disrupted and the10, 000 m speed skating race was canceled altogether.
由于來自南方的暖風橫掃瑞士山區(qū)，造成氣候異常溫和，因此一些項目被迫中斷，而一萬米速滑索性被取消了。
Soon and Baliunas also take issue with the IPCC by contending that the 20th century saw no unique patterns: they found few climatic anomalies in the proxy records.
宋恩及巴留納斯也與IPCC的看法相左，他們聲稱20世紀的氣候形態(tài)并無特殊之處：他們在代表物記錄當中，沒有發(fā)現什么氣候異常的征兆。
This is rare occurrence of climate abnormality and water flood.
但是在我們這里，氣候很少發(fā)生異常，河水極少泛濫。
Before the earthquake some abnormality in the weather was observed.
地震以前，人們觀察到了一些氣候異常。
There is climate abnormality in the northern South China Sea during 1986 to 1987.
1986到1987年期間南海北部氣候異常。
Sea temperature abnormality is a very important factor to the climate abnormality of 10-20 km high and its effect comes up to 9％ of total anomaly variations.
海溫場異常是北半球10-20km高空氣候異常變化十分重要的影響因子，其影響程度達到總的異常變化的 9％。
Climate impacts of the basin-scale and local-scale oscillations of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) are identified by using Bergen Climate Model (BCM).
全球海氣耦合模式--卑爾根氣候模式的積分結果，揭示了與大西洋熱鹽環(huán)流 (THC)年代際和年際振蕩相對應的氣候異常型。
Part 3 Let's Talk！ 開始交流吧！
Lennon: Some famous scenic spots in the world will disappear, do you know?
列儂：世界上有快要消失的著名景點，你知道嗎？
Leo: Why will they disappear?
雷奧：什么原因導致這些景點會消失呢？
Lennon: The main reason is the climate.
列儂：大部分是因為氣候原因。
Leo: Where are they?
雷奧：都在哪里呢？
Lennon: The Antarctica. Muller and Larsen are cracking and melting at an unprecedented speed.
列儂：南極洲。穆勒冰架和拉森冰架正在以前所未有的速度崩裂和消融。
Leo: The influences of Climate Warming are out of expectations!
雷奧：沒想到氣候變暖有這么巨大的影響?。?br /> Lennon: There is only a sand dike between Venice of Italy and Adriatic Sea .The recharging of seawater is threatening.
列儂：意大利威尼斯與亞得里亞海僅有一道沙堤相隔，海水回灌現象正威脅著它的存亡。
Leo: Venice is a characteristic city. It would be a pity if it disappeared.
雷奧：威尼斯是一座很有特點的城市。如果真的消失那就太可惜了。
Lennon: And the Great Barrier Reef in Australia .The experts said that 95％ coral reef would be killed by 2050.
列儂：還有澳大利亞大堡礁。專家預言，到2050年95％的活珊瑚礁將被殺死。
Leo: Our offspring won't enjoy these dramatic sceneries, what a pity!
雷奧：我們的后代再也看不到那些美妙的景色，實在是一種遺憾?。?br /> Lennon: Along with the development of global economy, the whole world is nagged by the phenomenon of climate abnormality.
列儂：隨著世界經濟的發(fā)展，地球逐漸被氣候異常的現象困擾。
Leo: Apart from the greenhouse effect, is there any other phenomenon of climate abnormality?
雷奧：除了溫室效應，還有那些氣候異常的表現呢？
Lennon: Such as El Nino.
列儂：比如厄爾尼諾。
Leo: However, nowadays all countries is paying more attention to this phenomenon, and I believe that this crisis must be relieved gradually in the future.
雷奧：不過現在世界各國對于氣候異常的現象越來越關注了，相信未來這種危機會逐漸得到緩解。
Lennon: I think it's a hard task that need a long time.
列儂：我認為這是一項長期而艱巨的任務。
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