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外國人最想和你聊的時事話題:世界沖突

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2018年09月27日

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 What is world conflicts 什么是世界沖突

     Most wars nowadays are civil wars, and in many of today's conflicts civilians have become the main targets of violence. Armies count their own losses, but there is no agency whose job is to keep a tally of civilians killed. In many cases, the conflict eventually becomes so dangerous that the international community finds itself obliged to intervene. But, the most effective interventions are not military. Wherever possible intervention should consist in preventive diplomacy and correcting the causes of conflict such as ethnic tension and poverty.
     Humanitarian Intervention for Healthcare Relief in Armed Conflict.
     The humanitarian healthcare provider who intends to offer relief during armed conflict needs to understand the operating environment. This category is broken down into four subcategories to foster this basic understanding:
     Analysis: Sources that identify key trends in humanitarian policy; examine the role and healthcare contributions of several NGOs; and outlines some obstacles to providing healthcare outside of impediments caused by war.
     Management: This subcategory focuses on lessons learned by humanitarian providers who have operated in environments in conflict. These resources offer insight into the challenging physical and psychological conditions of the healthcare recipient, and the limitations in security and information access imposed by the combat environment. They address procedure modification and the leveraging of unconventional assets to facilitate support.
     Coordination: Features two sources that highlight the necessity of proper coordination and how to coordinate for support in the conflict environment. It identifies humanitarian key players and models and mechanisms that facilitate the coordination process.
     Civil-Military Cooperation: The humanitarian practitioner who provides support during armed conflict will encounter some form of military influence. This subcategory highlights the positive and negative aspects of working with the military when providing support from a civilian and military perspective.
     世界沖突 (world conflicts) 即世界各國相互作用的主要形式之一,即行為主體(behavioral agent)之間為實現(xiàn)各自的利益和目的而進行的對抗性或放對性遭遇或相互作用。突出表現(xiàn)在國際政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事領(lǐng)域。沖突的形式多種多樣,其極端形式即為戰(zhàn)爭。它與國際合作、國際競爭相互滲透,相互轉(zhuǎn)化。當代國際沖突具有的特點有:
     (1)全球性(globality)、廣泛性(universality)和聯(lián)動性(linkage)。
     (2)世界沖突主要形式的轉(zhuǎn)移與兼容性(compatibility)。
     (3)世界沖突的頻率與時間性發(fā)生變化。
     (4)國際沖突潛在的危險性(fatalness)與可控性(controllability)。







     Conflict and lack of reconciliation in the world stem from the fact that we are locked into our own interests and opinions, into our own little private world.
     世界上的沖突和和解的缺乏源于我們?yōu)樗嚼?、私念以及狹隘的自我世界所困。
     The world should be developed in an environment characterized by cooperation rather than conflict .
     世界應(yīng)當在以合作而非沖突為特征的國際環(huán)境中發(fā)展。
     Diplomatic efforts to end the fighting in Lebanon have hit another snag.
     結(jié)束黎巴嫩戰(zhàn)爭的外交努力再次觸礁。
     The regional conflicts became a critical threat to the world peace.
     地區(qū)沖突嚴重威脅著世界和平。
     Religious conflicts may arouse unrests and wars regionally or even globally.
     宗教沖突往往是導(dǎo)致局部地區(qū)甚至全球范圍動蕩不安和戰(zhàn)爭不斷的原因。
     Civil wars or regional conflicts also cause disruption, driving people out of rural areas.
     內(nèi)戰(zhàn)或者地區(qū)沖突也會引發(fā)社會動蕩不安,從而迫使人們逃離農(nóng)村地區(qū)。
     The prevailing trend revolves around regional conflicts and internal strife in many countries.
     普遍的趨勢是存在地區(qū)沖突和許多國家內(nèi)部的斗爭。
     The end of the cold war has brought its own dangers, and we need to find a new balance of power in the world. It has also spawned many conflicts.
     冷戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束帶來了其自身的危險,同時也播下了沖突的種子,因此我們需要找到新的平衡世界的力量。
     Governments must be prepared to surrender some authority to global and regional institutions or we risk world disorder.
     各國政府必須同意給世界性和地區(qū)性組織讓出一些權(quán)利,否則世界就會出現(xiàn)混亂的危險。
     It is tragic that just when we need a strong international organization, the United Nations is starved of funds and often sidelined by its own member states.
     可悲的是,正當我們需要一個強大的國際組織之時,聯(lián)合國卻極度短缺資金,而且經(jīng)常被其成員國甩在一旁。
     It is terrifying that the power is increasingly disseminated to small,completely ruthless groups like terrorists, drug traffickers and local warlords. The great imponderable is that some nut could create a nuclear explosion, or that some essentially local conflict could escalate out of control.
     可怕的是,越來越多的殺人武器流散到像恐怖主義分子、毒品販子和地方軍閥這樣毫無人性的小團伙手中。最無法估量的事情是某個瘋子有可能制造出一場核爆炸,或者某一純地方性的沖突有可能升級到無法控制的地步。
     In today's world, there are still quite some factors of instability and uncertainty. Frequent regional frictions and conflicts, rampant terrorist activities, the widening North-South gap and rising nontraditional security threats all pose severe challenges to mankind. The international community is currently facing an uphill struggle to achieve lasting peace and common prosperity.
     世界上還存在著不少不穩(wěn)定和不確定因素,地區(qū)沖突和摩擦此起彼伏,恐怖主義活動猖獗,南北差距拉大,非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅上升,人類面臨著許多嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn),國際社會實現(xiàn)持久和平、共同繁榮任重而道遠。
     UN peace-keeping operations can, to some extent, play a positive role in easing regional conflicts. However in recent years, they have now again landed themselves in a predicament wit their expansion in number and on scale, frequent imposition of mandatory means and increased involvement in the internal affairs of the receiving countries.
     聯(lián)合國維和行動在緩解地區(qū)沖突方面可以起到一定的積極作用。但是近年來,隨著維和行動數(shù)量增加,規(guī)模擴大,頻頻使用強制性手段,并越來越多地涉及一國內(nèi)部事務(wù), 維和行動再度陷入進退兩難的境地。
     Conflicts are largely to blame for the large numbers of refugees. Refugees from Iraq and Afghanistan alone make up half the world's total refugees. This 11.4 million does not include the millions of Palestinians living as refugees in the Middle East and elsewhere in the world.
     存在大量的難民在很大程度上應(yīng)歸咎于戰(zhàn)爭沖突。僅僅是伊拉克和阿富汗的難民就占了全球總難民數(shù)的一半。1140萬這個數(shù)字還不包括數(shù)以百萬的在中東和世界其他地區(qū)的巴基斯坦難民。




     Jimmy: Did you watch the news yesterday?
     吉米:你看昨天的新聞了嗎?
     John: Yes. What?
     約翰:是的。怎么了?
     Jimmy: The frontier conflict bursts in Middle East region.
     吉米:中東地區(qū)又爆發(fā)邊境沖突了。
     John: Yes. The countries in the world always fight with each other. Some of them fight for energy, some for territory, others originated from the factionalism within their countries.
     約翰:是啊。世界各國總是在進行著各種沖突和戰(zhàn)爭。有的是為了爭奪能源,有的是為了爭奪領(lǐng)土,還有的源自一國內(nèi)部不同黨派的爭斗。
     Jimmy: There are still some countries conflict for religion or ethnic problem, such as Palestinian and Israel.
     吉米:還有些國家是因為宗教信仰和民族問題,比如巴勒斯坦和以色列的戰(zhàn)爭。
     John: It is indeed a time-consuming conflict, which end in no time.
     約翰:的確,這是一場曠世持久的戰(zhàn)爭,不知道什么時候才能結(jié)束。
     Jimmy: The everlasting conflicts not only prevent the economic development of these countries, but also make people live in the abyss of suffering.
     吉米:不斷的沖突不僅嚴重阻礙了這些國家經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,也使當?shù)氐陌傩照丈钤谒罨馃嶂小?br />      John: Many refugees are generated by the conflicts whose cozy life was destroyed and become homeless.
     約翰:由于沖突,許多國家出現(xiàn)了很多難民。他們原本安逸的生活受到破壞,變得流離失所。
     Jimmy: It will aggravate social turmoil and increase the unstable factors in turn.
     吉米:這又會反過來加重社會的動蕩,增加不穩(wěn)定因素。
     John: The United Nations will dispatch peace-keeping forces in these areas to keep order.
     約翰:聯(lián)合國每年都會派出維和部隊駐軍在這些國家以便維護當?shù)氐闹刃颉?br />      Jimmy: But the roots of these conflicts are the pursuit and scramble of benefit. The peace-keeping army is for nothing unless these roots are resolved.
     吉米:但是沖突的根源是各方對于利益的追求和爭奪,這些問題得不到解決,維和部隊也是沒用的。
     John: Do you think these world conflicts will stop any time in the future?
     約翰:你認為這些國際沖突會在未來某一時間停止嗎?
     Jimmy: I don't think so. Taking the conflicts of energy as an example, along with the continuous development of industry and economy, the need for energy will increase, whereas the world energy is becoming less. In several decades, the world conflicts will be more severe facing with the lack of energy.
     吉米:我想不會。就以能源沖突為例,隨著各國工業(yè)、經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展,對于能源的需求不斷增加,而世界能源正逐漸被消耗。幾十年后,面對匱乏的能源,國際沖突只會越來越嚴重。
     John: I agree with you. However, if the new and reproducible energy can be generated to replace traditional energy, these conflicts will be moderate.
     約翰:我同意你的觀點。但是如果能生產(chǎn)出新的可再生的能源來替代傳統(tǒng)能源,這些沖突應(yīng)該會得到緩和。
     Jimmy: Maybe you're right. The countries should devote the energy and capital in the research of new energy resources rather than mutual conflicts, which can promote their development and make people living in peace.
     吉米:或許吧。各國之間與其不停地爭斗,不如將精力和資金投入到研發(fā)新能源上,這樣既促進了各國的發(fā)展,也能使百姓安居樂業(yè)。
Part 2 Financial Topics 財經(jīng)話題
    

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