外國人最想和你聊的名人話題：阿利蓋利·但丁

　About Dante　關(guān)于但丁

     Durante degli Alighieri commonly known as Dante, was a major Italian poet of the Middle Ages. His Divine Comedy, originally called Commedia and later called Divina by Boccaccio, is considered the greatest literary work composed in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature.
     In Italy he is known as "The Supreme Poet" (il Sommo Poeta) or just il Poeta. Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are also known as "the three fountains" or "the three crowns". Dante is also called the "Father of the Italian language".
     The Divine Comedy describes Dante's journey through Hell(Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso), guided first by the Roman poet Virgil and then by Beatrice, the subject of his love and of another of his works, La Vita Nuova. While the vision of Hell, the Inferno, is vivid for modern readers, the theological niceties presented in the other books require a certain amount of patience and knowledge to appreciate. Purgatorio, the most lyrical and human of the three, also has the most poets in it; Paradiso, the most heavily theological, has the most beautiful and ecstatic mystic passages in which Dante tries to describe what he confesses he is unable to convey (e.g., when Dante looks into the face of God: "all'alta fantasia qui mancò possa"-"at this high moment, ability failed my capacity to describe," Paradiso, XXXIII, 142).
     Dante's other works include the Convivio ("The Banquet") a collection of his longest poems with an (unfinished) allegorical commentary; Monarchia, a summary treatise of political philosophy in Latin, which was condemned and burned after Dante's death by the Papal Legate Bertrando del Poggetto, which argues for the necessity of a universal or global monarchy in order to establish universal peace in this life, and this monarchy's relationship to the Roman Catholic Church as guide to eternal peace; De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence of Vernacular"),on vernacular literature, partly inspired by the Razos de trobar of Raimon Vidal de Bezaudun; and, La Vita Nuova ("The New Life"),the story of his love for Beatrice Portinari, who also served as the ultimate symbol of salvation in the Comedy.
     但丁是新舊交替時期的偉大詩人。基督教神學觀念、中世紀的偏見和世界觀上的種種矛盾，也在《神曲》中得到表現(xiàn)?！渡袂返慕Y(jié)構(gòu)建立在中古時期神秘的象征意義上，情節(jié)充滿寓意。詩人歌頌現(xiàn)世生活，但又把它看作來世生活的準備。他批判教會至上，但又把神學置于信仰之上。他認為，人類在理性和哲學的指引下得以認識邪惡，但只有依靠信仰和神學，才能達到至善之境。他譴責禁欲主義，但又把一對苦戀的青年保羅和弗蘭齊斯嘉作為貪色的罪人，打入地獄接受懲戒。
     《神曲》的偉大意義在于，它通過詩人幻游過程中遇到的上百個各種類型的人物的描寫，以極其廣闊的畫面，反映出意大利從中世紀向近代世界過渡的轉(zhuǎn)折時期的現(xiàn)實生活和各個領域發(fā)生的社會政治變革，透露了新時代的新思想--人文主義的曙光?！渡袂穼沤裾巍⒄軐W、神學、詩歌、繪畫、文化，作了藝術(shù)性的闡述和總結(jié)。因此，它不但在思想性方面達到了時代的先進水平，是一座劃時代的里程碑，而且是一部反映當時社會生活、傳授知識的百科全書式的鴻篇巨制。