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外國人最想和你聊的名人話題:卡爾·馬克思

所屬教程:常用英語口語

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2018年07月25日

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 About Marx 關(guān)于馬克思

     Karl Heinrich Marx was a Prussian philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary. Marx addressed a wide range of issues; he is most famous for his analysis of history, summed up in the opening line of the introduction to the Communist Manifesto (1848): "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." Marx believed that capitalism would be replaced by socialism which in turn would bring about communism.
     Marx was both a scholar and a political activist, often called the father of communism. Sometimes, he argued that his analysis of capitalism revealed that capitalism was destined to end because of unsolvable problems within it:
     "The development of Modern Industry, therefore, cuts from under its feet the very foundation on which the bourgeoisie produces and appropriates products. What the bourgeoisie therefore produces, above all, are its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable. "-(The Communist Manifesto) Other times, he argued that capitalism would end through the organized actions of an international working class: "Communism is for us not a state of affairs which is to be established, an ideal to which reality [will] have to adjust itself. We call communism the real movement which abolishes the present state of things. The conditions of this movement result from the premises now in existence." (from The German Ideology)
     While Marx was a relatively obscure figure in his own lifetime, his ideas began to exert a major influence on workers'movements shortly after his death. This influence was given added impetus by the victory of the Marxist Bolsheviks in the Russian October Revolution, and there are few parts of the world which were not significantly touched by Marxian ideas in the course of the twentieth century. The relation of Marx to "Marxism" is a point of controversy. While some argue that his ideas are discredited, Marxism remains influential in academic and political circles. In his book "Marx's 'Das Kapital'" (2006), biographer Francis Wheen reiterates David McLellan's observation that since Marx's ideas had not triumphed in the West. "It had not been turned into an official ideology and is thus the object of serious study unimpeded by government controls."
     馬克思最廣為人知的哲學(xué)理論是他對于人類歷史進(jìn)程中階級斗爭的分析。他認(rèn)為這幾千年來,人類發(fā)展史上最大矛盾與問題就在于不同階級的利益掠奪與斗爭。依據(jù)歷史唯物論,馬克思大膽地假設(shè),資本主義終將被共產(chǎn)主義取代。
     馬克思主義在20世紀(jì)初到20世紀(jì)中葉,借由列寧及其革命同志創(chuàng)立的蘇聯(lián)的大力傳播達(dá)到了巔峰。在這段期間馬克思主義在當(dāng)代的解釋似乎受到許多學(xué)者的疑問與爭議。而馬克思主義作為近代最著名也是影響最深遠(yuǎn)的哲學(xué)理論之一,其學(xué)說仍然活躍在學(xué)術(shù)界的各領(lǐng)域,學(xué)說的精神也不時(shí)地被運(yùn)用到各國政府的施政方向。而在21世紀(jì)的今天,世界上仍有許多國家以馬克思主義為其國家或政黨的基本主義與基本方針,如中華人民共和國、越南、老撾、朝鮮民主主義人民共和國、古巴、尼泊爾共產(chǎn)黨等等。




     Karl Marx was buried in London.
     卡爾·馬克思安葬在倫敦。
     Karl Marx was born on May 5th, 1818 in Germany.
     卡爾·馬克思于1818年5月5日出生在德國。
     Karl Marx must be somewhere standing up in his grave cheering.
     卡爾·馬克思一定正站在某處他的墳?zāi)怪袣g呼。
     In the years that followed Karl Marx kept on learning English.
     在隨后的幾年里,卡爾·馬克思堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)英語。
     Karl Marx's works are the treasure of the revolutionary people.
     卡爾·馬克思的著作是革命人民的寶貴財(cái)富。
     Karl Marx's magnum opus "The Capital" includes abundant ideas of human capital.
     馬克思的巨著《資本論》中的有關(guān)理論包涵著豐富的人力資本思想。
     At Oxford University he was drawn to a different universal message, that of Karl Marx.
     在牛津大學(xué),他的興趣轉(zhuǎn)向了一個(gè)不同的普世理論--馬克思主義。
     This paper tries to study Karl Marx's historical materialistic justice thoughts.
     本文試圖探討馬克思?xì)v史唯物主義的正義思想。
     I agree totally Karl Marx on this point, that religion has been the opium of the poor.
     在這點(diǎn)上,我完全同意卡爾·馬克思,宗教已成為窮人的精神鴉片。
     At Trier 150 Nazis broke into Marx House, where Karl Marx was born, and hoisted on it the Swastika flag.
     在特里爾,150個(gè)納粹分子闖入馬克思的誕生地,在那里升起了納粹黨旗幟。
     Karl Marx is buried in Highgate cemetery.
     卡爾·馬克思埋葬在海格特墓地。
     How is Senator Obama not being a Marxist if he intends to spread the wealth around?
     奧巴馬參議員如果旨在散布財(cái)富,怎么不是馬克思主義者呢?
     Karl Marx's idea of mankind liberation can guide our construction of harmonious society both in theory and practice.
     馬克思市民社會理論是對黑格爾市民社會理論的批判與超越,其價(jià)值指向是人類解放。
     Of those who have listened to speeches here are such great historical figures Karl Marx, Frederick Engels and V. Lenin.
     曾來這里聽過演講的,最出名的當(dāng)數(shù)歷史名人馬克思、恩格斯和列寧。
     The four founders of social science are Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Adam Smith and Max Weber.
     社會科學(xué)的四大奠基人是卡爾·馬克思、埃米爾·迪爾凱姆、亞當(dāng)·斯密和馬克斯·韋伯。
     Karl Marx's Das Kapital whooshed up bestseller lists.
     卡爾·馬克思的《資本論》在各個(gè)暢銷書排行榜上飛速躍升。
     Whether Karl Marx would approve of his masterwork being served up as entertainment for China's new bourgeoisie is a matter of speculation.
     至于卡爾·馬克思是否會同意把他的經(jīng)典著作改造成某種形式的娛樂,并以此來滿足中國新興中產(chǎn)階級的口味,就不得而知了。
     We are reminded Karl Marx that capital goes beyond national borders and eludes control from any other entity.
     卡爾·馬克思提醒我們,資本跨越國界,便會逃離對象國政治實(shí)體的管制。
     Writing a manifesto good enough to cause trouble has been; Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels set the bar rather high in 1848.
     要想寫一篇好得足以掀起波瀾的宣言絕非易事,卡爾·馬克思和弗里德里希·恩格斯早在1848年就將這一門檻設(shè)得極高。
     "Each science", as pointed out by Karl Marx, "could be considered to be perfect only if it permits the successful application of mathematics".
     正如卡爾·馬克思指出的:"一種科學(xué)只有在成功地運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)時(shí),才算達(dá)到了真正完善的地步"。
     "Reestablishing personal ownership" had consistently been a mature conception by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels of ownership in the future society.
     "重新建立個(gè)人所有制"是馬克思和恩格斯關(guān)于未來社會所有制一貫的較為成熟的思想。
     Karl Marx couldn't invent "human capital" theory, so it is inappropriate to expound Marx's economic theory of "human" with the logic of "human capital ".
     馬克思不可能有"人力資本"理論,用"西方人力資本"的邏輯來解讀馬克思關(guān)于"人"的經(jīng)濟(jì)論述是不適當(dāng)?shù)摹?br />      This book carried the gospel, derived from Karl Marx, that woman, enslaved by capitalism, must free herself by helping to set up a dictatorship of workers.
     這本書給婦女帶來了福音,源自卡爾·馬克思的福音:婦女,受資本主義奴役的婦女,只有通過幫助建立起工人們的專政,才能解放自己。
     If you have some work experience, you will understand the Karl Marx's word.
     當(dāng)你有一些工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)后,才能真正明白馬克思的話。




     Mike: Have you read Das Kapital?
     麥克:你讀過《資本論》嗎?
     Daisy: No, I haven't. I heard it is very hard to understand.黛西:沒有,我聽說很難懂。
     Mike: Yes. I am reading it for my politics class.
     麥克:我政治課需要讀這個(gè)。
     Daisy: Do you agree with Marx's theory?
     黛西:你贊同馬克思的理論嗎?
     Mike: Partially, I think it is a very systematic theory.
     麥克:一部分吧,我覺得他的理論很系統(tǒng)。
     Daisy: But Marx's theory is still very popular nowadays.
     黛西:但馬克思的理論現(xiàn)在仍然非常流行。
     Mike: Really, why would people read it?
     麥克:真的嗎,人們讀它做什么呢?
     Daisy: As a classic I suppose.
     黛西:作為一個(gè)經(jīng)典吧。
     Mike: Some of the theories are still useful.
     麥克:里面的有些理論還是很有用。
    

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