時代經(jīng)典商業(yè)英語詞匯：財政稅務(wù)

《時代經(jīng)典商業(yè)英語詞匯》：TIME《時代雜志》上典雅的用詞、優(yōu)美的文章一向廣受各界推崇，被譽為了解西方文化的寶典。其用詞極為精練、簡潔，如果您希望能充分享受閱讀TIME的樂趣，首要的工作就是認識TIME的常用詞匯。

credit crunch

信用緊縮

Not that selling the properties is easy.

出售財產(chǎn)并非易事。

The glut of industries on the block,coupled with a global credit crunch that limits the resources of prospective buyers,

有太多的公司等著買主，供過于求，再加上全球性的信用緊縮，限制了可能買主的來源，

guarantees depressed prices for even some choice enterprises.

因此即使是一些績優(yōu)的企業(yè)，也保證賣不到好價錢。

deficit

赤字

The old enemy,the Soviet Union,has vanished.

舊敵人蘇聯(lián)消失了。

With the U.S.running a $41 billion trade deficit with Japan,

但是美國對日本的貿(mào)易赤字高達410億美元，

the once deferential partner begins to look to some Americans like the new enemy.

使得一度對美國恭恭敬敬的伙伴被某些美國人視同新敵人。

That led to a state deficit of $14 billion,the largest any state government has ever incurred.

這個因素導致州政府的赤字達到140億美元，冠于全美任何一州。

devaluation

貶值

Fearful of a sudden devaluation of their hoards,East Germans last week staged a minirun on banks,

東德人民因害怕他們的存款會突然貶值，上個禮拜演出一次小規(guī)模的擠兌，

withdrawing cash for shopping sprees.

把現(xiàn)款提出來去大量購物。

In Britain an impassioned parliamentary debate last week revealed the public's deep unease about the agreement in the wake of a devaluation of the t has shaken the government's economic policies.

在英國國會上周的激辯反映出在英鎊貶值動搖政府經(jīng)濟政策的風波下，英國大眾對條約深深的不安全感。

discount

貼現(xiàn)

European economic officials achieved some success in quelling the speculative chaos unloosed last week,

歐洲的經(jīng)濟官員已稍微抑制住這波風潮，

when Germany failed to support the French franc by reducing its discount rate as much as had seen expected.

德國上周調(diào)降貼現(xiàn)率，但不如預期的低，所以德國無法支撐法國法郎，引發(fā)投機性交易的大混亂。

flat tax

比例稅

Under the system,adults will pay a flat rate based on the cost of government services in their localities,rather than property taxes assessed according e of the home.

在此制度下，成年人將依據(jù)政府在他住的地區(qū)所提供的服務(wù)成本來付出比例稅，而非依據(jù)房屋價值所征收的財產(chǎn)稅。

flight of capital

資本外逃

During the years of its most explosive growth in the late 1970s and mid-1980s,

在它急速成長的1970年代后期與1980年代中期，

B.C.C.I.became a magnet for drug money,

國際信貸銀行像一塊大磁鐵，吸引販毒的錢，

capital flight money,tax-evading money and money from corrupt government officials.

資本外逃的錢，逃稅的錢與政府官員貪污的錢。

IRS

國家稅務(wù)總署

Recent Census Bureau and IRS data suggest that only 1 in 4 people who employ household help bothers to pay Social Security taxes.

最新的人口統(tǒng)計局與國家稅務(wù)總署資料顯示在雇用幫傭的家庭中，只有1/4付了社會安全稅。

Given the natural reluctance to confide in government agents,the real figure is probably much lower.

若考慮到人民對政府機構(gòu)調(diào)查的不信賴感，實際的比例可能更低。

prime rate

Nor has the Federal Reserve Board's actions to lower interest rates provided much of a lift outside the housing market,even though the prime rate has 10.5% two years ago to 8% today.

Only First national of Chicago,the 13th largest U.S. bank,

cut its prime rate a half-point,to 9.5%.

progressive tax

累進稅

Several of Clinton's top aides want to move away from higher taxes on income and toward a progressive tax on consumption,

某些克林頓總統(tǒng)的高級助理傾向不提高所得稅，而代之以對消費行為課征累進稅，

like the value-added taxes widely used in other countries.

有如其他國家常用到的增值稅。

I was holding forth on one of the more devastating imbecilities of the Reagan era,

||| 我不斷地表達里根時代中最具破壞性的愚蠢措施之一，

the abolition of theprogressive income tax in favor of a two-tier flat tax rate.

就是揚棄累進所得稅而選擇一種兩級制的比例稅。

Proposition 13

第13號提案

Proposition 13,the 1978 referenedum that froze property taxes at 1% of assessed value,

1978年公民投票通過的第13號提案將財產(chǎn)稅凍結(jié)在估價的1%，

depleted county treasuries,leaving the state to pick up the bills for things like schools and welfare services.

而這提案掏空了州庫，讓政府以其他經(jīng)費來償付教育與福利支出。

subsidy

補貼

Automakers and other unionized corporations would benefit from a new health-care subsidy for their employees who retire before age 62.

汽車廠與其他有工會公司的員工，在62歲以前退休者，仍可享受到新的健保補貼。

Advocates on both sides of the subsidy issue acknowledge that in the long run,

兩方之中，鼓吹補貼政策的人士，仍然承認就長遠來看，

free trade benefits everyone.

自由貿(mào)易會使大家都受惠。

tax shelter

避稅工具

It would be understandable if the Clintons treated their Whitewater investment largely as a much needed tax shelter.

如果克林頓將他們夫婦在白水公司的投資，主要視其為極需要的避稅工具，那是可以理解的。

"Hi!I just had a baby an hour ago,and I'm back at work already.

“嗨，我一小時前剛生了個孩子，而現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)回來上班了。

And while I was delivering,I took a seminar on tax shelter options."

而當我在分娩的時候，我還參加了一項有關(guān)選擇避稅工具的座談會。”

value-added tax

增值稅

The value-added tax,or VAT,common in Europe

增值稅在歐洲很普遍，

and supported in principle in the House by Texas' Archer and Sam Gibbons of Florida,

而且受到眾議院中得克薩斯州的Archer與佛羅里達州的Sam Gibbons眾議員原則性支持。

is far easier to enforce,as goods are taxed at each stage of production and distribution.

這種稅因為在商品的每一個制造與銷售過程中抽稅，是更容易執(zhí)行的稅制。