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《中庸》中英文版 第三十二章

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  《中庸》中英文版

  第三十二章 正心--弘揚德行的最高境界

  《詩》曰:“衣錦尚絧,惡其文之著也。故君子之道,暗然而日章;小人之道,的然而日亡。君子之道:淡而不厭,簡而文,溫而理,知遠之近,知風(fēng)之自,知微之顯,可與入德矣?!对姟吩疲?ldquo;潛雖伏矣,亦孔之昭!”故君子內(nèi)省不疚,無惡于志。君子所不可及者,其唯人之所不見乎!《詩》云:“相在爾室,尚不愧于屋漏。”故君子不動而敬,不言而信?!对姟吩唬?ldquo;奏假無言,時靡有爭。”是故君子不賞而民勸,不怒而民威于鐵鉞?!对姟吩唬?ldquo;不顯惟德,百辟其刑之。”是故君子篤恭而天下平?!对姟吩唬?ldquo;予 懷明德,不大聲以色。”子曰:“聲色之于以化民,末也。”《詩》曰:“德輶如毛,毛猶有倫;“上天之載,無聲無臭”,至矣!

  It is said in the Book of Poetry, "Over her embroidered robe she puts a plain single garment," intimating a dislike to the display of the elegance of the former. Just so, it is the way of the superior man to prefer the concealment of his virtue, while it daily becomes more illustrious, and it is the way of the mean man to seek notoriety, while he daily goes more and more to ruin. It is characteristic of the superior man, appearing insipid, yet never to produce satiety; while showing a simple negligence, yet to have his accomplishments recognized; while seemingly plain, yet to be discriminating. He knows how what is distant lies in what is near. He knows where the wind proceeds from. He knows how what is minute becomes manifested. Such a one, we may be sure, will enter into virtue.

  It is said in the Book of Poetry, "Although the fish sink and lie at the bottom, it is still quite clearly seen." Therefore the superior man examines his heart, that there may be nothing wrong there, and that he may have no cause for dissatisfaction with himself. That wherein the superior man cannot be equaled is simply this,-his work which other men cannot see.

  It is said in the Book of Poetry, "Looked at in your apartment, be there free from shame as being exposed to the light of Heaven." Therefore, the superior man, even when he is not moving, has a feeling of reverence, and while he speaks not, he has the feeling of truthfulness.

  It is said in the Book of Poetry, "In silence is the offering presented, and the spirit approached to; there is not the slightest contention." Therefore the superior man does not use rewards, and the people are stimulated to virtue. He does not show anger, and the people are awed more than by hatchets and battle-axes.

  It is said in the Book of Poetry, "What needs no display is virtue. All the princes imitate it." Therefore, the superior man being sincere and reverential, the whole world is conducted to a state of happy tranquility.

  It is said in the Book of Poetry, "I regard with pleasure your brilliant virtue, making no great display of itself in sounds and appearances." The Master said, "Among the appliances to transform the people, sound and appearances are but trivial influences. It is said in another ode, 'His Virtue is light as a hair.' Still, a hair will admit of comparison as to its size. 'The doings of the supreme Heaven have neither sound nor smell. 'That is perfect virtue."

  THE END

  【原文】來源:www.examda.com

  《詩》曰,“衣錦尚絅(1)。”惡其文之著也。故君子之道,暗然(2)而日章;小人之道,的然(3)而日亡。君子之道,淡而不厭,簡而文,溫而理,知遠之近,知風(fēng)之自,知微之顯,可與人德矣。

  《詩》云:“潛雖伏矣,亦孔之昭(4)!”故君子內(nèi)省不疚,無惡于志。君于之所不可及者,其唯人之所不見乎?

  《詩》云,“相在爾室,尚不愧于屋漏(5)。”故君子不動而敬,不言而信。

  《詩》曰:“奏假無言,時靡有爭(6)。”是故君子不賞而民勸,不怒而民威于鈇鉞(7)。

  《詩》曰:“不顯惟德,百辟其刑之(8)。”是故君于篤恭而天下

  《詩》云:“予懷明德,不大聲以色(9)”子曰,“聲色之于以化民,末也。”

  《詩》曰:“德輶如毛(10)。”毛猶有(11),“上天之載,無聲無臭(12)。”至矣!

  【注釋】

  (1)衣錦尚絅:引自《詩經(jīng)•衛(wèi)風(fēng),碩人》。衣(yi),此處作動詞用,指穿衣。錦,指色彩鮮艷的衣服。尚,加。絅(jiong),同“裟”,用麻布制的罩衣。(2)暗然:隱藏不露。(3)的(di)然,鮮明,顯著。(4)潛雖伏矣,亦孔之昭:引自《詩經(jīng)•小雅•正月》???,很。昭,《詩經(jīng)》原作“沼”•昭、擱同,意為明顯。(5)相在爾室,尚不愧于屋漏:引自《詩經(jīng)•大雅•抑》。相,注視。屋漏,指古代室內(nèi)西北角設(shè)小帳的地方。相傳是神明所在,所以這里是以屋漏代指神明。不愧屋漏喻指心地光明,不在暗中做壞事,起壞念頭。(6)奏假無言,時靡有爭:引自。詩經(jīng)•商頌•烈祖》。奏,進奉,假(ge),通“格”,即感通,指誠心能與鬼神或外物互相感應(yīng)。靡(mi),沒有,(7)鈇(fu)鉞(yue):古代執(zhí)行軍法時用的斧子。(8)不顯惟德,百辟其刑之:引自《詩經(jīng)•周頌,烈文》。不顯,“不”通”丕”,不顯即大顯。辟(bi),諸侯。刑,通“型”,示范,效法。(9)予懷明德,不大聲以色:引自《詩經(jīng)•大雅•皇矣》。聲,號令。色,容貌。以,與。(10)德輶如毛:引自《詩經(jīng)•大雅•杰民)。輶(you),古代一種輕便車,引申為輕,(11)倫:比。(12)上天之載,無聲無臭:引自《詩經(jīng).大雅•文王》。臭(Xiou),氣味。

  【譯文】

  《詩經(jīng)》說:“身穿錦繡衣服,外面罩件套衫。”這是為了避免錦衣花紋大顯露,所以,君子的道深藏不露而日益彰明;個人的道顯露無遺而日益消亡。君子的道,平淡而有意味,簡略而有文采,溫和而有條理,由近知遠,由風(fēng)知源,由微知顯,這樣,就可以進入道德的境界了。

  《詩經(jīng)》說:“潛藏雖然很深,但也會很明顯的。”所以君子自我反省沒有愧疚,沒有惡念頭存于心志之中。君于的德行之所以高于一般人,大概就是在這些不被人看見的地方吧?

  《詩經(jīng)》說:“看你獨自在室內(nèi)的時候,是不是能無愧于神明。”所以,君子就是在沒做什么事的時候也是恭敬的,就是在沒有對人說什么的時候也是信實的。

  《詩經(jīng)》說:“進奉誠心,感通神靈。肅穆無言,沒有爭執(zhí)。”所以,君子不用賞賜,老百姓也會互相對勉;不用發(fā)怒,老百姓也會很畏懼。

  《詩經(jīng)》說,“弘揚那德行啊,諸侯們都來效法。”所以,君子篤實恭敬就能使天下太平。

  《詩經(jīng)》說:“我懷有光明的品德,不用厲聲厲色。”孔子說:“用厲聲厲色去教育老百姓,是最拙劣的行為。”

  《詩經(jīng)》說:“德行輕如毫毛。”輕如毫毛還是有物可比擬。“上天所承載的,既沒有聲音也沒有氣味。”這才是最高的境界啊!

  【讀解】來源:www.examda.com

  這種最高的境界就是空氣的境界。

  空氣無聲無色無味,誰也看不見聽下到嗅不出,可是誰也離它不開。德行能到這種境界,當(dāng)然是種仙至人了??烧l又能達到這種境界呢?就是孔圣人也未必就能達到吧。

  所以還有次一等的境界,這就是“輕如毫毛”的境界。借用詩圣杜甫的詩,是“好雨知時節(jié),當(dāng)春乃發(fā)生。隨風(fēng)潛入夜,潤物細無聲”(《春夜喜雨》的境界。這種境界,和風(fēng)細雨,沁人心脾而入人肺腑,使人在潛移默化中受到感化,這大概就是圣人的境界吧。

  至于那種聲色俱厲的疾風(fēng)暴雨式的做法,那種強制性的勞動改造的方法,正如孔子所說:“末也!”已談不上什么境界,不過是一種不得已而為之的手段罷了。

  本章是《中庸》全篇的結(jié)尾,重在強調(diào)德行的實施。從天理到人道,從知到行,從理淪到實踐,從”君子篤恭”到”天下平”,既回到與《大學(xué)》相呼應(yīng)的人生進修階梯之上,又撮取《中庸》全篇的宗旨而加以概括。各段文字,既有詩為證又引申發(fā)揮。難怪得朱熹要在《中庸章句》的末尾大發(fā)感嘆:“這樣反復(fù)叮嚀以教人的用意是多么深切啊,后世學(xué)者難道可以不用心去鉆研體會嗎?”

  的確也是如此啊!


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