2014年BEC中級閱讀材料：聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易

全球去年FDI創(chuàng)1.5萬億美元新高，聯(lián)合國(UN)初步數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年全球外國直接投資(FDI)猛增至創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的1.5萬億美元，超過此前于2000年創(chuàng)下的1.4萬億美元峰值水平。Worldwide foreign direct investment surged to a record $1,500bn last year, surpassing the previous peak of $1,400bn in 2000, according to preliminary UN figures.

聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會(huì)議(Unctad)在昨日發(fā)布的報(bào)告中表示，去年下半年的金融震蕩并未沖擊總體外國直接投資流動(dòng)，不過2008年的前景更加不確定。The UN Conference on Trade and Development said in its report released yesterday that financial turmoil in the second half of last year had not hit overall FDI flows, although the outlook for 2008 was more uncertain.

美元走軟可能鼓勵(lì)了流入美國的外國投資，由于企業(yè)和其它持有不斷升值貨幣的投資者紛紛搶購廉價(jià)美國資產(chǎn)，美國成為外國直接投資的最大接收國，吸引外國直接投資估計(jì)達(dá)1930億美元。Dollar weakness may have encouraged inward investment to the US, the largest recipient attracting an estimated $193bn (€131bn, ￡98bn) in FDI, as companies and other investors with funds in appreciating currencies snapped up cheap American assets.

2007年富國和窮國吸引的外國直接投資都出現(xiàn)強(qiáng)勁增長，其中三分之二流向工業(yè)化國家，剩余三分之一流向發(fā)展中國家和俄羅斯等“轉(zhuǎn)型”國家。Rich and poor countries alike saw strong growth in FDI in 2007, with two-thirds going to industrialized nations and the rest to developing and “transition” countries such as Russia.

受飛速發(fā)展的能源行業(yè)推動(dòng)，去年外國對俄羅斯的投資躍升70%，至近500億美元。Foreign investment in Russia, propelled by its booming energy sector, jumped 70 per cent last year to nearly $50bn.

聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會(huì)議表示，外國直接投資反映出全球許多地區(qū)的強(qiáng)勁經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，以及在企業(yè)利潤高企和收購資金充裕的推動(dòng)下，跨境并購活動(dòng)活躍。Unctad said the growth in FDI reflected a strong economic performance in many parts of the world and buoyant cross-border mergers and acquisitions activity fuelled by high corporate profits and an abundance of cash for purchases.

然而，在去年夏天的信貸緊縮之后，2007年下半年的并購交易額有所下降。聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會(huì)議警告，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)各種下行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能影響2008年的前景。However, the value of M&As declined in the second half of 2007 following the summer’s credit squeeze. Various downside risks for the world economy could affect prospects for 2008, Unctad warned.

“全球外部失衡持續(xù)存在、匯率大幅波動(dòng)、利率不斷上升和通脹壓力不斷加劇，以及大宗商品價(jià)格高企和波動(dòng)，造成的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能對全球外國直接投資流動(dòng)產(chǎn)生降溫影響。”“Continuing global external imbalances, sharp exchange rate fluctuations, rising interest rates and increasing inflationary pressures, as well as high and volatile commodity prices, pose risks that may have a chilling effect on global FDI flows.”

英國緊隨美國之后，以1710億美元的外國直接投資流入，成為去年第二大新增外國投資接收國，法國以1230億美元位居第三。歐盟(EU)是吸引外國直接投資最多的地區(qū)，占2007年全部外國投資額的40%。After the US, the UK was the second biggest host to new foreign investment last year with FDI inflows of $171bn, followed by France at $123bn. The European Union was the largest host region, accounting for 40 per cent of all inflows in 2007.

中國仍然是發(fā)展中國家中吸引外國直接投資最多的國家，其金額從2006年的690億美元，略微下滑至670億美元，但香港吸引的投資從430億美元上升至540億美元，增幅逾四分之一。巴西、墨西哥和新加坡并列第三，去年均吸引了約370億美元的外國直接投資。FDI flows to China, still the biggest recipient among developing countries, de-clined slightly from $69bn in 2006 to $67bn, but investment in Hong Kong was up by more than a quarter from $43bn to $54bn. In equal third place, Brazil, Mexico and Singapore all netted about $37bn in FDI last year.