2．歷史人物競(jìng)風(fēng)流

2．歷史人物競(jìng)風(fēng)流

開(kāi)封城西南部有一個(gè)湖，開(kāi)封人稱(chēng)為包公湖，就是為了紀(jì)念宋代開(kāi)封府的府尹（地方政府行政長(zhǎng)官）包公而命名的。包公，名包拯，在任期間，剛正不阿，秉公執(zhí)法，不逢迎權(quán)貴，為平民辦了很多好事，還積極向皇帝進(jìn)諫，勸說(shuō)皇帝要寬厚待人，愛(ài)惜人才。人們傳說(shuō)包公斷案如神，在許多小說(shuō)中都有對(duì)包公的稱(chēng)贊。宋代以后，人們?yōu)榱思o(jì)念這位清官，就在當(dāng)時(shí)開(kāi)封府的北面建了一座包公祠。后來(lái)由于黃河水災(zāi)，包公祠被洪水淹沒(méi)。中華人民共和國(guó)成立后，開(kāi)封市政府在包公湖的西岸重新修建了包公祠。包公祠內(nèi)有包公的塑像，高一丈多，相貌端莊，一臉正氣。墻壁上鑲嵌著反映包公政績(jī)的彩色壁畫(huà)?，F(xiàn)在，每年都有大量的游客到包公祠，來(lái)緬懷和瞻仰這位忠正廉潔的清官。

宋代崇尚儒學(xué)，重視文學(xué)，所以在開(kāi)封聚集了許多的文人志士、國(guó)家賢才。在宋朝著名的文學(xué)家和學(xué)者中，許多都曾在開(kāi)封任職，像歐陽(yáng)修、范仲淹、蘇軾等。他們不僅學(xué)問(wèn)高、文采好，留下了許多流傳千古的佳作，而且在任職期間政績(jī)也很突出，受到了人們的擁戴。

張擇端是北宋時(shí)期的一位宮廷畫(huà)師，有大量杰出的作品，但最著名的應(yīng)當(dāng)是被后人稱(chēng)為“神品”的《清明上河圖》，它是一部寫(xiě)實(shí)主義的精品，以當(dāng)時(shí)開(kāi)封城的景象為題材繪制而成。作品縱24.8厘米，橫528厘米，圖中人物多達(dá)500余人，真實(shí)再現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)開(kāi)封清明時(shí)節(jié)的盛況。全圖結(jié)構(gòu)完整，描繪準(zhǔn)確，被傳為希世珍品。《清明上河圖》將那個(gè)時(shí)代的繪畫(huà)藝術(shù)推向頂峰，不僅在藝術(shù)史上占據(jù)著重要的地位，在研究北宋的建筑、手工業(yè)、商業(yè)、風(fēng)俗民情等方面都發(fā)揮著無(wú)可替代的作用。

在中國(guó)，楊家將的故事家喻戶(hù)曉。楊家將忠心報(bào)國(guó)、世代相傳的家風(fēng)和前仆后繼、保衛(wèi)國(guó)家的英勇行為，受到人們的崇敬與愛(ài)戴?，F(xiàn)在，位于開(kāi)封市內(nèi)的天波楊府是人們后來(lái)重建的楊業(yè)府邸，集中展示了楊家將們驍勇善戰(zhàn)的英姿。

2. Great People

Southeast of the city proper of Kaifeng, there is a lake. People call it "Bao Gong Lake" in honor of an official in the Song dynasty-Bao Gong ("Gong" in Chinese is an honorific title), whose original name is Bao Zheng. A man of integrity and justice, Bao Gong loved the common people and never yielded to the rich and the privileged when he was in office. He also advised the emperor to be generous and kind to people and to cherish men of talents. So impartial and correct in judging cases was he that Bao Gong was regarded as a god by ordinary people. And many novels were dedicated to his virtues. After the Song dynasty, an Ancestral Hall was constructed north of Kaifeng in memory of this honest and just man, but later the Hall was flooded by the overflowing Yellow River. Nowadays, the municipal government of Kaifeng has built on the west bank of the Bao Gong Lake a new Hall where a three-meter-high statue of Bao Gong is enshrined and worshipped. On the walls of the Hall are colored paintings telling visitors of his stories.

In the Song dynasty, Confucian teachings and literature were much valued. As a result, in Kaifeng there gathered a great many literary masters who not only produced excellent literary works but were loved and supported by ordinary people for their political feats. Among them are Ouyang Xiu, Fan Zhongyan and Su Shi, to name just a few.

Another distinguished man is the royal painter Zhang Zeduan who left many outstanding works but was most renowned for Upper River during Qingming Festival. With various scenes in Kaifeng as raw materials, the painting which is 24.8 centimeters long and 528 centimeters wide, paints more than 500 people and thus is a lively portrayal of Kaifeng on the day of Qingming. So complete in organization and so vivid in painting, Upper River during Qingming Festival is deemed as a peak of painting at that time. It is not only a rare treasure in the history of art but also an important mirror of Northern Song's architecture, handicraft industry, commerce and local customs.

In China, nearly everybody knows the stories of the Yang Family in the Song dynasty who are respected for their loyalty and patriotism. Nowadays, within the city proper of Kaifeng there stands the Mansion of the Yang family which is built to display the heroic bearing of the family members on the battlefields.