“樂山大佛”中英雙語導(dǎo)游詞
The Leshan Giant Buddha beginning constructs at the Emperor Xuanzong in Tanh dynasty New Year first year (also is the A.D. 713 years)， is completed Yu Tang Zhenyuan 19 years (the A.D. 803 years)， everybody was allowed to calculate, Leshan Giant Buddha stands erect to this already in 1200.
Design
Now asks everybody to look at the Buddha two sides the rocks. This kind of rock calls the red sandstone, is an idioplasm loose, is easy the rock which makes decent, Leshan Giant Buddha is on this kind of rock carves becomes. Why then Buddha could have been through repeatedly in 1200 “wind and rain motionless An Rushan”? First we looked Buddha locates position. Buddha is located reaches the clouds west the mountain Cloudy Slopeon, adds around the Buddha body the forest dense, geological structure stable, the Buddha body is in the river curved land sector, hides in Yu Shanti, reduced the wind and rain corrosion and the current of water washes out, therefore the rock decay is slower. Not only that, Leshan Giant Buddha also has the extremely ingenious drainage system. About Buddha after death, has the draining water cavern which is interlinked, may avoid the mountain spring to the image of Buddha Soaks Eclipse; On Buddha sends the hair bun 4th, 9, 18 respectively has Draining water Road to wrinkle the company with the Buddha body clothes booklet to become the drainage channel net, also has avoided the rain water to the Buddha body Soaks Eclipse. Obviously, Leshan Giant Buddha's design is extremely scientific. In addition, Buddha after completion, but also once has built high 13 pavilions duplicate lids, what a pity destroys Yu Mingmo the chaos caused by war.
Although Leshan Giant Buddha has the extremely perfect protection system, however in more than 1,000 years long years, it still unavoidably encountered various destruction, had naturally, also had artificially. Therefore, each dynasty all has carried on the service to it. After specially new China is founded, the government once carried on to Leshan Giant Buddha has serviced many times, what project was bigger was 1963 service. In 1982, Leshan Giant Buddha announced into the country key cultural relic preservation organ after the State Council. In 1996 Mt. Emei - Leshan Giant Buddha by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization row world nature and cultural heritage name list. At present, Leshan Giant Buddha's protection already aroused the world people's interest, the Leshan Giant Buddha oneselves has become a world people's precious inheritance.
Sea Shi Tang
Then, who was has created this wealth for us? What initially repaired Buddha the goal was? Is bringing these questions, we visit the sea teacher hall together.
The sea Shi Tangli three casts are the people who has rendered meritorious service which constructs Leshan Giant Buddha. First we settle on this, Buddha's beginning constructing - sea passes the Zen master, he is the Guizhou person, same year in insulted on the Yunshan to tie Mao Weiseng.
The ancient times Leshan three rivers afflux place, Water Potentialsuitable Ominous Fierce, frequently had the ship to destroy the event which the person perished. The sea passes the buddhist priest to show mercy the heart, prepares to construct Buddha to come the town flood. Thereupon solicits money in all directions, plans many wealth. At that time some corrupt official saw the wealth to open the eyes, prepares to extort him, the sea passed the master righteousness strict refined language to say “might gouge from item, the Buddha wealth was rare”。
The meaning is, I eye all may dig down gives you, but you gave up any idea of obtains this Buddha wealth. That corrupt official unexpectedly arbitrarily impolitely wants him to try, the sea passes Zen master Principle of righteousness Imposing to hold the plate, has dug out own both eyes. The corrupt official frightened badly, from then on did not have feels embarrassed again he. The sea passes the Zen master makes when Buddha is old, therefore when Buddha repairs shoulder department time, he had died, Buddha builds the project also therefore has stopped down. Probably crossed ten years, south the sword west Sichuan military commissioner Zhang Choujian the fine jade donation Salary Gold 200,000, continues to build Leshan Giant Buddha, because project vast, needs the giant funds, thereupon the royal government issues an order to bestow the hemp salt tax money, causes the project progress to be rapid. When Leshan Giant Buddha repairs the knee the time, continues constructing Zhang Choujian the fine jade to move no matter what a household Shangshu, proceeds to new official post to Beijing, the project once more work suspension.
After 40 years, south the sword west Sichuan military commissioner Wei Gao donates Salary Gold 502000 to continue to construct Leshan Giant Buddha. In three generation of people diligently under, around has been through repeatedly 90 years time, Leshan Giant Buddha finally thoroughly finishes, and executes the gold all over the body, the magnificent Buddha clothes and the dignified Buddha body enhances one another's beauty.
Nine tunes plank roads
Now everybody already had an preliminary understanding to Buddha, receives us to look at the panoram together through nine tunes plank roads to the Buddha foot. Under our foot nine tunes plank road is constructs together with Leshan Giant Buddha, altogether has 173 stairs, the widest place is 1.45 meters, the narrowest place only has the o 6 rice. Everybody along the way may appreciate the carved stone niche for a statue of Buddha which Cliff Wall on stays behind. These image of Buddha manners respectively different, craft exquisite, may compare favorably with with the Chinese four big rock caves images of Buddha, Regret Is their decency phenomenon is extremely serious.
We already arrived under the Buddha foot, asked everybody to gain ground looks up at Buddha, felt him to be big and the magnificent sight. Fellow tourists also could carefully have a look recently only then to discover are located the big benevolence dirty spot the small Buddha head picture.
Religious connotation
While convenient, I again give everybody to explain Leshan Giant Buddha the religious connotation. Leshan Giant Buddha is the Tang Dynasty touches one of in crag statue artistic high-quality goods, it is a Maitreya religion Buddha. Why has to make a Maitreya religion Buddha? This worships Maitreya religion Buddha with the Tang Dynasty to have close relationship. According to the Buddhism religious doctrine, Maitreya religion Buddha will be Three th Buddha the center future Buddha, he will be symbolizing the future world light and is happy, died the after for 5.67 billion years in Buddha Buddha later to replace Buddha's status, to under Chinese Linyuen's Long Huashu broad biography Buddhist doctrine, will universal restoration. In the Buddhist literature said Maitreya religion is born can “the peace throughout the country”， therefore the people naturally longed for he can arrive as soon as possible the world, each place therefore is in vogue molds the Maitreya religion image of Buddha. To the military week time, a generation of empress Wu Zetian once issued an order to compile “Big Cloud after To be sparse”， proved she was Maitreya religion is reincarnated, the common people the worship help her to Maitreya religion to mount the imperial throne in the treatment of women as inferiors feudal period. Because Wu Zetian's promoting with great effort, causes the nation to model chisels wind of big line the Maitreya religion. Leshan Giant Buddha builds is apart from the Wu Zetian time only for more than 20 years, therefore when the sea passes builds Leshan Giant Buddha, natural selection Maitreya religion Buddha, moreover Maitreya religion Buddha will come the light and happy future Buddha since the energy band, this with will subside the flood Buddha of the Zhenjiang to request is consistent, therefore Leshan Giant Buddha's Maitreya religion status also therefore decided.
Some tourists possibly can propose this kind of question: Is Leshan Giant Buddha this Maitreya religion Buddha why dissimilar with the temple in Maitreya religion Buddha statue? This is because in temple Maitreya religion Buddha is calls according to a Chinese five generation of times name to agree this buddhist priest's image to mold becomes. Agrees this is the Zhejiang Fenghua County person, he enjoys doing charitable things, can know in advance the weather and forecast person's good and bad fortune, frequently takes a cloth sack to solicit money in all directions, in front of passing away he once said “Maitreya religion really Maitreya religion, the incarnation 110 billion, at times shows the common people, the common people from knows”， thus everybody thought he was the Maitreya religion Buddha's incarnation, in temple Maitreya religion Buddha also models his image - the cloth sack buddhist priest which is always smiles, the big stomach tolerates.
Actually in the Chinese Chinese Buddhism culture, the Maitreya religion Buddha statue change is very big, the first stage is spreads to Chinese from India the junction foot Maitreya religion; The second stage is has “the Chinese characteristic” ancient Buddha Maitreya religion; The third stage is in present temple cloth sack Maitreya religion. Leshan Giant Buddha is the continuation opens after having “the Chinese characteristic” ancient Buddha Maitreya religion. “Lives according to Maitreya religion Under after” describes, the Maitreya religion image of Buddha has “30 two phases, 80 kind of good”， this requests his five senses, the hand, the foot, the body all to have is different with average person's characteristic. The Leshan Giant Buddha entire physique unusual is refined, on sends the hair bun, the liberal double shoulder, Gao Erchang eyebrow, the circle straight nose Hole All is defers to the Buddhism ancient book the stipulation construction, but his appearance actually has the Han Nationality person's common characteristic. The Indian image of Buddha “the wide shoulder slender waist”， is nothing left on the Buddha body, displaces is the sturdy double shoulder, the full chest, has manifested the Tang Dynasty calamity still the obese beautiful fashion. Leshan Giant Buddha sits the vertical attitude is the double foot nature sagging, this “ties the type” with the Indian image of Buddha not to be dissimilar, because Buddha repairs the town water, this kind steady, is stable the person which 坐式 may take sails a boat to defeat the turbulent current rapids the confidence and the determination. The Sui and Tang dynasties time was in the Chinese Buddhism statue art history the magnificent bright stage, the statue strength has been displaying Buddha “the facial expression”。
The Leshan Giant Buddha mild-mannered and cultivated facial expression, the affable manner, as well as in the meditation contains the wisdom, in the dignity has the gentle facial features, all lets the person be able not help to have the respect and the kind feeling. I thought everybody while exclaims in surprise Leshan Giant Buddha big with magnificent sight, but also has no alternative but to acclaim its statue craft fine. Good, now I ask everybody freely to move, after ten minutes we newly repaired along 1983 reach the clouds the plank road upward to walk, visited the hemp to be vast Grave Cliff.
The hemp is vast Grave Cliff
Fellow tourists, in here, I wanted to give everybody to introduce the Leshan ancient times one kind of grave custom.
Said perhaps the grave custom, everybody quite familiar eastern Sichuan province Yangtze River both banks hang the coffin. But in western Sichuan, specially Leshan area then popular one kind of chisel Shan Weimu inters the way. Its main characteristic is: Along the shallow earthen mound, the mountain valley dig a chisel square shape the cavern, then the corpse and the coffin, the funeral object and so on releases people in the hole. The grave system structure completely imitates in the real life the house, but has a liking for from exterior, then is a each one profound mystical cave. This kind of grave because is popular to more than 1,800 year ago Eastern Han Dynasty time, therefore is called the Eastern Han Dynasty Grave Cliff. Approximately has the up to ten thousand places in the Leshan scope such Grave Cliff, but in these Grave Cliff group, most centralized, most has the representative grave group is I must lead everybody visit the hemp to be vast Grave Cliff, its long approximately 200 meters, the width approximately 25 meters, altogether have 544 graves. As everybody knows, people all unavoidably birth and death, regardless of you are optimistic facing or pessimistic facing, the life and death is the natural law which a person is unable to resist. Therefore the people have to grow one kind of hope, one kind of desire to death helpless, after hoped died, can compare the survival fashion the life. In addition at that time came under the Taoism thought influence, thought Grandmother West, female snail these deities occupied the place all was a stone building, then said chiselled Shan Weishi to be possible to become the deity, therefore this kind of grave system form gradually was popular. Eastern Han Dynasty time, Leshan area economy development quite quick, is situated at the key communication line, the population unceasingly increases, the social social class relates, the political structure also unceasingly changes, the biggest change is in the place Big Race formation and the thought culture Confucianist's influence, “loyal, the filial piety, the kernel, the letter, the festival, righteousness” the idea is most prominent. But in “kind filial piety” under the thought, lives when the filial piety raises, after dies the elaborate funeral, naturally was cannot be exempted. In order to meet this kind of need, the consumption large amount of money constructs Grave Cliff then arises at the historic moment, around popular 400 year long time.
Good, now our destination arrived, asks everybody first to gain ground has a look this Plaque Gate “the hemp to be vast Grave Cliff”。 The hemp is vast is we after death side this river, is evades the spillway by pre-qin Suchuan county Defends Too Li Bingwei which evil of the froth water opens cutting. The tomb therefore is called “the hemp to be vast Grave Cliff”。 This plaque was our literary arena great master Venerable Guo Moruo in 1965 writes writes. Wants to ask everybody in here me: You thought what Leshan most is worth as soon as looking is? Perhaps the tourist friend can without hesitation say - Leshan Giant Buddha, to? Yes. But our Guo Lao actually said, can compare favorably with with Leshan Giant Buddha only has Leshan Grave Cliff. Said with his then speech that, “Has Does Head” (the Sichuan speech, also said is has research value very much meaning)。 Therefore, arrives Leshan except view Buddha, but also should look Grave Cliff. The hemp was vast Grave Cliff once and in 1980 two time is successively evaluated in 1956 the Sichuan provincial level key cultural relic preservation organ, everybody looked nearby my right hand this inscribed text record knew. Nearby what my left hand this stele records was because in 1988 the hemp is vast Grave Cliff is evaluated the national level key cultural relic preservation organ, therefore constructed the museum. Front this Plaque Gate on writes “the hemp vast Grave Cliff museum”， is modern scholar Yang Chao writes.
Now we together visit this grave group internal structure. First, we saw is a giant draft horse chart replica, is according to the grave inside draft horse chart imitation, it displays the significance arrived inside me again to give everybody in detail to introduce. Now arrived hemp vast 1 Grave Cliff. Our at present this open area, is copies the real life construction netherworld life garden and the garden. Above the gate has the very many portraits carved stone, carving highly skilled peerlessly, its function is guides dead's soul, the soul air day, the shape soul to turn over to, but turns over to by the shape soul primarily to want the goal. At the same time, each chart also displays Advocates Grave person's different thought, the idea, the religious belief and so on. We from left to right looked, nearby here most becomes famous, most has the characteristic is this “Jingke punctures the Qin king” the chart. It reflects is take “Loyal Filial piety” as the core feudal ethics idea, also has reflected Advocates Grave the counter- Qin's thought. Receives is “West Grandmother bestows the medicine chart”。
West Grandmother is the queen mother of the west which we deifies in the fable, is in the Han Dynasty people mind blesses the immortal not to die, the flourishing population worship object. On among the chart West Grandmother sits well, to many prays kneels on the place person to execute the medicine. Can obtain does not die the medicine is the long-cherished goal matter, therefore all may see in many graves West Grandmother statue. Nearby cavern this chart is everybody entered when gate sees “the draft horse chart” the main source a moment ago. Everybody certainly discovered this chart and common carriages and horses ranks totally different, in the chart is a high-spirited horse is made an effort by the groom to pull the reins, the author using the technique of extremely succinct, portrayed the groom to concentrate on completely to control high-spirited horse's manner and the high-spirited horse unruly grand appearance, this kind of strength and the speed unified the imposing manner was extremely has watches the value. Therefore the picture imposing manner is extraordinary, therefore imitates engraves in the courtyard. Perhaps this chart manifests Advocates Grave the person before death to have the affection to hunt for rides the famous horse's hobby. Everybody please gain ground looked that, this Buddha's statue is in the entire tomb chamber most has the research value. It passes the height 28 centimeters, wears passes the shoulder 天衣， the right hand does “executes dauntless India”， the performance is “peaceful all” meaning. This image of Buddha is the our country earliest Buddha engraves one of statues.
Buddhism spreads to China to the Han Dynasty, but the earliest image of Buddha unearthed in Leshan Grave Cliff center, had actually proven Buddhism in Leshan's dissemination certainly not compared to other place evenings, this is studies the Chinese early time Buddhism history, the Buddhism art and Buddhism spreads to Chinese the route and so on the question noticeable material. What right side engraves is First Shop, First Shop generally engraves center gate Liang, the doorframe, the lintel, its function is Evil spirit Falls exorcises, protects the master, the gate right hand has the woman which as soon as grasps the broom, this tells everybody, if must enter the gate certainly to have first sweeps the dust, clean, this has also displayed master's hospitable one side. Now has entered in the room, here all imitates the graveyard which the dead before death residence arranges. Then people to the death, to the remains understanding were: “The person dies says the ghost, the ghost, turns over to also, the essence belongs to the day, the human body belongs to the earth”， therefore everybody may see in here master's living room, the kitchen, the bathroom and so on, they pursue are one kind although die still the fresh life. According to family's size and the grave system form, the experts divide into the grave system the unitary system, the double type system. Is just like a two room hall, a three room hall which we now said and so on. The tomb terminus is putting the coffin. In the coffin generally buries pair of husbands and wives, symbolizes a small family, the dead on likely continues before death to coexist a courtyard, the different seniority in relationships or brothers respectively become a little family, born with have the possibility which the house allocation occupies are a family, because certain objective reasons, cannot extend, the expansion the grave hole. If must hold the entire family, then has the possibility to need very much to open the entire place mountain a giant grave group. Did not know everybody does have the discovery, the stature slightly high visitor friend comes in when always bends the waist, that is because the grave went against too lowers. But after comes in, worry-free many, that is because they in order to drain water in, intentionally makes Grave Cliff the ground is high Low Outside, but also knocks out the draining water trench in the ground. Invites everybody again with me two side exhibition hall visits when the grave to the grave outside the funeral object. These funeral objects all are the ceramic products, the only replica is this studies the commission. In Grave Cliff the development different time, these funeral objects types, the combination form have the development, has the change, on roughly divides into the early time, the intermediate stage, the later period. In the cabinet exhibits Tao Ji, Tao Zhu and so on also has the different meaning, for instance Tao Zhu, Tao Ya expresses Advocates Grave person's family financial situation. Tao Gou quite are many in the grave, because the Han Dynasty raises wind of the dog to be in vogue very much, lives when does for the pet, after dies puts in the grave uses to prevent the bandits and thieves. Inside this most had watches the value is in 1978 the unearthed ceramic building, from the building splendid, the heavy building double-eaved roof definitely was allowed to see Advocates Grave person's before death wealth. Good, asks everybody to visit in here freedom, visits is please centralized in the entrance!
The city of Leshan is less than one hour's ride from the Baoguosi Monastery at the foot of Mt. Emei.Leshan is the home of the Giant Buddha at the conflueence of the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers.It qualifies as the largest Buddha in a sitting posture in the world .You must board a riverboat for the best view of the Giant Buddha.The massive Buddha was carved out of a cliff face more than a thousand years ago, but now it is still well preserved in good shape, with his full and serene face.
The Buddha is the largest Buddha in China,towering to 71m,with his 14.7m head,and 24m shoulders.The Buddha's ears are 6.72m long, insteps 8.5m broad, and a picnic could be conducted on the nail of his big toe, which is 1.5m long.
This carving project was begun in 713.Each summer at that time the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers flowed down.As the ghree rivers met,turbu-lent waves strucd each other hard,boats capsized and boatmen vanished.There was a Buddhist monkby the name of Haitong in Lingyun Hill,who saw the situation and was determined to carve a giant Buddha out of the cliff face, hoping that the Buddha's presence would subdue the swift currents and protect the boatmen .Haitong started travelling along the Changjiang river and other areas in China to collect funds for the gigantic carving. Once an evil official attempted to obtain by force the money collected by Haitong.The monk refused him in strong terms.He said,“I'd rather gouge out my eyes than give a penny to you,”The official shouted in anger,“gouge your eye out now!”Haitong resolutely dug out one of his eyes.
The monk's behavior in protecting the funding so greatly encouraged sculptors and other construction workers that the carving work went on smoothly. Unfortunately Haitong died before the completion of his life's work .However, this work continued due to the support of the local people as well as Weigao and Zhangchou Jianqing,the local top military commanders. The word took up 90 years until 803 when it was completed.Since then the Buddha has watched over the river traffic for more than a thousand years to offset the large number of serious accidents in the river. Modern Chinese question whether safer boat gravel is due to his presence or to sime later-day dredging.
As you get close to the Buddha,we can find out some scattered holes im rows around the Buddha.They are remains of so Called the Giant Buddha Pavilion . It was a nine-storied building set up during the Tang Dynasty to shelter the Buddha.It was renamed as the Lingyun Pavilion with 13 stories during the Song Dynasty. Unfortunately it was destroyed by a war during the Ming Dynasty. Since then the Buddha remains outside in the open space.
The Giant Buddha has lasted over a thousand years, and still survives in good shape.Why? First of all, according to the studies on the ancient construction of the Buddha,the cliff face the Buddha occupies enjoys topographical advantages. It is on the southern side of the hill,where verdant trees grow so well as to protect rocks and slope from erosion.Secondly although the Buddha seats bordering on the confluence of the three rivers, the immense statue is carved into the cliff face inside the hill,which alleviate the severe damage by wind and water erosion.Finally there is a water-drainage system,hidden from view.The system starts with 1021 fastened hairs, which conect one another at the bace of the bead .The end of the hairs inter-links the shoulders,joining the simple-patterned robe pleats carved on the body.The hairs,shoulders and pleats naturally reveal a complete system that carries away the entire surface water on the body, where the water disappears underground.
It is worth making several passes at the Buddha.From the ferry pier on the island,you climba steep road and through Lingyun Temple to a vantage point for viewing the buddha.You can go to the top,opposite the head, and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the top,oppoosite the head,and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the different perspective viwepoints.A local boat passes by for a frontal view, which reveals two guardians in the cliff side, not visible from land,Wuyou Buddhist Monastery can be reached in 15 minutes by footpath from the Buddha,which is also from the Tang Dynasty with Ming and Qing renovations,Its layout is very similar to the other monasteries as we mentioned before.Walking along up Wuyou Hill,you can enjoy the quiet and beartiful scenery, The top of Wuyou Hill affords you a vision of an emerald-green tree forest, glazed golden tiles of the monastery roofs and the distant rivers.
It would be a mistake to thind of Leshan as ome big Buddha, but it is wouth making a trip to Leshan,which will provide you with a pleasant picture made by the ancient Chinese sites and the beautiful nature being combined into a whole.
各位五湖四海的朋友們，大家好!我是你們的導(dǎo)游，我叫魏可，為了方便大家就叫我小可好了。希望大家相處愉快，謝謝!
車還要過一段時(shí)間才會(huì)到，我先簡(jiǎn)單的介紹一下樂山大佛。樂山大佛地處四川省樂山市，岷江，青衣江，大渡河三處匯流處，與樂山城隔江相望。樂山大佛雕鑿在岷江，青衣江，大渡河匯流處的巖壁上，依岷江南岸凌云山棲霞峰臨江峭壁鑿造而成，又名凌云大佛，是為彌勒佛坐佛，是唐代摩崖造像中的藝術(shù)精品之一，是世界上最大的石刻彌勒佛坐像。
車馬上就要到了，請(qǐng)游客們收拾好自己的貴重物品，準(zhǔn)備下車，另外請(qǐng)大家注意，不要隨地吐痰，亂扔垃圾!還有一點(diǎn)就是進(jìn)去的時(shí)候必須放輕腳步哦!
我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到了樂山大佛那兒了。大佛開鑿于唐玄宗開元初年，也就是公元713年，是海通和尚為減殺水勢(shì)，普度眾生而發(fā)起的，召集人力，物力修鑿的，海通死后，海通的弟子接手修建，直到唐德宗貞元19年(公元803年)完工，歷時(shí)是90年。被詩(shī)人譽(yù)為“山是一尊佛，佛是一座山”。有相機(jī)的朋友可以在這里拍照。
大家請(qǐng)跟我走，現(xiàn)在我們看得的時(shí)大佛的耳朵，大佛的耳朵長(zhǎng)是7米，大佛右耳耳垂根部?jī)?nèi)側(cè)，有一深約25厘米的窟窿，維修工人從中掏出了許多破碎物，細(xì)看卻是腐爛了的木泥。這就證實(shí)了南宋范成大在《吳船錄》中所記載的“極天下佛像之大，兩耳猶以木為之”。由此可知，長(zhǎng)7米的佛耳，不是原巖鑿成，而是用木柱做結(jié)構(gòu)再抹以錘灰裝飾而成的。
我們?cè)傧蚯白咭欢温肪涂梢越嚯x地去欣賞大佛的“頭發(fā)”了。大佛頂上共有螺髻1021個(gè)，這是1962年維修時(shí)，以粉筆編號(hào)數(shù)清的。大家遠(yuǎn)望就會(huì)覺得大佛的發(fā)髻與頭部渾然一體，可實(shí)則以石塊逐個(gè)嵌就。
現(xiàn)在大家可以自由參觀了，半個(gè)小時(shí)后在這里集合。
參觀完了樂山大佛，我們一天的行程也就結(jié)束了，在這里小可非常感謝你們對(duì)我工作的支持，希望你們有機(jī)會(huì)再來樂山大佛玩兒，到時(shí)候可別忘了我-小可喲!
各位游客：大家好!
歡迎各位到樂山大佛景區(qū)來觀光旅游。現(xiàn)在我們看到的就是舉世聞名的千年古佛--樂山大佛。它是世界上最大的一尊石刻彌勒佛，通高71米，肩膀的寬度是24米，頭的直徑是10米，耳朵有7米長(zhǎng)，嘴巴和眼睛的長(zhǎng)度是3.3米，眉毛和鼻子的長(zhǎng)度是5.6米，頸高3米，指長(zhǎng)8.3米，從膝蓋到腳背28米，腳的寬度是8.5米，頭上的發(fā)髻有l(wèi)021個(gè)。樂山大佛雄偉壯觀，人們形容它：“山是一尊佛，佛是一座山”。
樂山大佛始建于唐玄宗開元初年(也就是公元713年)，竣工于唐貞元十九年(公元803年)，大家可以計(jì)算一下，樂山大佛矗立于此已經(jīng)1200年了。
設(shè)計(jì)
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家看一看大佛兩側(cè)的巖石。這種巖石叫紅砂巖，是一種質(zhì)地疏松，容易風(fēng)化的巖石，樂山大佛就是在這種巖石上雕刻而成的。那么大佛為什么能歷經(jīng)1200年“風(fēng)雨不動(dòng)安如山呢”?首先我們看一下大佛所處的位置。大佛位于凌云山西面的陰坡上，加之佛體周圍林木稠密，地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定，佛身處于江彎地段，隱藏于山體之中，減少了風(fēng)雨侵蝕和水流沖刷，因此巖石風(fēng)化較緩慢。不僅如此，樂山大佛還有非常巧妙的排水系統(tǒng)。在大佛身后，有左右相通的排水洞穴，可以避免山泉對(duì)佛像的浸蝕;大佛頭上發(fā)髻的第4層、9層、18層各有一條排水道與佛體衣服折皺連成排水渠道網(wǎng)，也避免了雨水對(duì)佛體的浸蝕?？梢?，樂山大佛的設(shè)計(jì)是非?？茖W(xué)的。除此之外，大佛在竣工之后，還曾經(jīng)修造了一個(gè)高13層的樓閣復(fù)蓋，可惜毀于明末的戰(zhàn)亂。
雖然樂山大佛有著十分完善的保護(hù)系統(tǒng)，然而在一千多年的漫長(zhǎng)歲月中，它仍免不了遭到各種各樣的破壞，有自然的，也有人為的。因此，各個(gè)朝代都對(duì)它進(jìn)行過維修。特別是新中國(guó)成立以后，政府曾對(duì)樂山大佛進(jìn)行過多次維修，其中工程較大的是1963年的維修。1982年，樂山大佛經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院公布成為國(guó)家重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。1996年峨眉山--樂山大佛被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列人世界自然與文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。目前，樂山大佛的保護(hù)已經(jīng)引起了全世界人民的關(guān)注，樂山大佛己成了全世界人民的一筆寶貴遺產(chǎn)。
海師堂
那么，是誰為我們創(chuàng)造了這筆財(cái)富?當(dāng)初修大佛的目的是什么?帶著這些問題，我們一起去參觀海師堂。
海師堂里的三尊塑像就是修建樂山大佛的功臣。首先我們看中間這一位，大佛的始建者--海通禪師，他是貴州人氏，當(dāng)年在凌云山上結(jié)茅為僧。
古代的樂山三江匯流之處，水勢(shì)相當(dāng)?shù)膬疵?，?jīng)常發(fā)生船毀人亡的事件。海通和尚大發(fā)慈悲之心，準(zhǔn)備修建大佛來鎮(zhèn)水患。于是四處化緣，籌得不少的錢財(cái)。當(dāng)時(shí)有一位貪官見財(cái)眼開，準(zhǔn)備敲詐勒索他，海通法師義正嚴(yán)辭地說“自目可剜，佛財(cái)難得”。
意思是說，我自己的眼睛都可以挖下來給你，但你休想得到這筆佛財(cái)。那個(gè)貪官居然蠻橫無禮地要他試一試，海通禪師大義凜然地一手捧盤，一手挖出了自己的雙眼。貪官嚇壞了，從此以后沒再為難他。海通禪師造佛時(shí)年事已高，所以當(dāng)大佛修到肩部的時(shí)候，他就圓寂了，大佛的修造工程也因此停了下來。大約過了十年的時(shí)間，劍南西川節(jié)度使章仇兼瓊捐贈(zèng)俸金20萬，繼續(xù)修造樂山大佛，由于工程浩大，需要巨大的經(jīng)費(fèi)，于是朝廷下令賜麻鹽稅款，使工程進(jìn)展迅速。當(dāng)樂山大佛修到膝蓋的時(shí)候，續(xù)建者章仇兼瓊遷任戶部尚書，到京赴任，工程再次停工。
四十年后，劍南西川節(jié)度使韋皋捐贈(zèng)俸金五十萬兩繼續(xù)修建樂山大佛。在三代人的努力之下，前后歷經(jīng)90年時(shí)間，樂山大佛終于徹底完工，并且通體施金，華麗的佛衣和寶相莊嚴(yán)的佛體交相輝映。
九曲棧道
現(xiàn)在大家對(duì)大佛已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)初步的了解，接下來我們一起通過九曲棧道到大佛腳看全景。我們腳下的九曲棧道是同樂山大佛一起修建的，共有173個(gè)臺(tái)階，最寬的地方是1.45米，最窄的地方僅有o.6米。大家沿途可以欣賞一下崖壁上留下的石刻佛龕。這些佛像神態(tài)各異，工藝精妙，可與中國(guó)四大石窟的佛像相媲美，遺憾的是它們的風(fēng)化現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重。
我們已經(jīng)來到大佛腳下，請(qǐng)大家抬起頭來仰視大佛，感受一下他的高大和壯觀。各位游客還可以仔細(xì)看看最近才發(fā)現(xiàn)的位于大佛心臟部位的小佛頭像。
宗教內(nèi)涵
順便，我再給大家講解一下樂山大佛的宗教內(nèi)涵。樂山大佛是唐代摩巖造像中的藝術(shù)精品之一，它是一尊彌勒佛。為什么要造一尊彌勒佛呢?這和唐代崇拜彌勒佛有密切的關(guān)系。按佛教教義，彌勒佛是三世佛中的未來佛，他象征著未來世界的光明和幸福，在佛祖釋迦牟尼死后的五十六億七千萬年以后將接替佛祖的地位，于華林園的龍華樹下廣傳佛法，普渡眾生。佛經(jīng)上說彌勒出世就會(huì)“天下太平”，所以人們自然渴望他能盡快降臨人間，全國(guó)各地因此盛行塑造彌勒佛像。到了武周時(shí)期，一代女皇武則天曾下令編造了一部《大云經(jīng)疏》，證明她是彌勒轉(zhuǎn)世，百姓對(duì)彌勒的崇拜幫助她在男尊女卑的封建時(shí)代登上帝位。由于武則天的大力提倡，使全國(guó)塑鑿彌勒之風(fēng)大行。樂山大佛的修造距武則天時(shí)代僅20余年，所以當(dāng)海通修造樂山大佛時(shí)，自然選擇了彌勒佛，而且彌勒佛既是能帶來光明和幸福的未來佛，這同平息水患的鎮(zhèn)江之佛要求是一致的，故樂山大佛的彌勒身份也因此決定了
- 用戶搜索
瘋狂英語 英語語法 新概念英語 走遍美國(guó) 四級(jí)聽力 英語音標(biāo) 英語入門 發(fā)音 美語 四級(jí) 新東方 七年級(jí) 賴世雄 zero是什么意思廈門市聯(lián)豐新城英語學(xué)習(xí)交流群
