03 閱讀技巧——泛讀 略讀抓主旨

略讀抓主旨

略讀是一種非常實(shí)用的閱讀技巧，也可以叫做跳讀或?yàn)g覽。但是，這里的跳讀不是隨便地跳過，瀏覽不是毫無目的地瀏覽。我們要在略讀的同時(shí)準(zhǔn)確獲取文章大意和主旨。也就是，略讀是在閱讀的過程中跳過細(xì)枝末節(jié)，抓住文章主干，從而加快閱讀速度的一種方法。

首先，注意文章的標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題往往是文章的主題，也就是作者寫這篇文章的主旨，我們可以先根據(jù)文章的標(biāo)題大致猜測(cè)作者要說什么，了解作者的思路，把握全局。

如標(biāo)題How to Clean Up Your Kids' Clutter Creatively，從標(biāo)題我們看出作者寫作的意圖是教大家怎樣有創(chuàng)意地整理孩子雜亂的物品，那么文章的內(nèi)容就是教大家整理物品的方法了。再如標(biāo)題Family Travel，從這個(gè)標(biāo)題我們大概可知是關(guān)于家庭一起旅游的文章。

其次，瀏覽全文，從文章的開頭入手，力求找出文章的主旨、寫作背景和作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。

For example

It is necessary to consider another point in examining the character of these principalities:that is, whether a prince has such power that, in case of need, he can support himself with his own resources, or whether he has always needed of the assistance of others.And to make this quite clear I say that I consider those who are able to support themselves by their own resources who can, either by abundance of men or money, raise a sufficient army to join battle against any one who comes to attack them; and I consider those always to have need of others who cannot show themselves against the enemy in the field, but are forced to defend themselves by sheltering behind walls.The first case has been discussed, but we will speak of it again should it recur.In the second case one can say nothing except to encourage such princes to provision and fortify their towns, and not on any account to defend the country.And whoever shall fortify his town well, and shall have managed the other concerns of his subjects in the way stated above, and to be often repeated, will never be attacked without great caution, for men are always adverse to enterprises where difficulties can be seen, and it will be seen not to be an easy thing to attack one who has his town well fortified, and is not hated by his people.

文中斜體加粗的部分表達(dá)的就是本段的主旨。

再次，閱讀段落，找出主題句。一般情況下，段首就是主題句，但是也有將主題句放在段尾的情況，然后大致了解該段所要表達(dá)的大意。

For example

What do kids learn in the kitchen? I've found that when kids cook, they are more likely to taste new foods and, well, eat dinner! More than once, I've watched in dismay as my children refused to eat what I'd prepared.But when they are involved in the cooking, they are invested in the meal.

首先看段首，是個(gè)問句，引出下文，再看段尾才是主題句，作者旨在說明孩子在參與做飯的過程中所具有的創(chuàng)造力。

最后，注意連詞的使用，往往在連詞的后面表達(dá)的是作者想要強(qiáng)調(diào)或提出的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度或中心思想。

For example

Because such a government, being created by the prince, knows that it cannot stand without his friendship and interest, and does it utmost to support him; and therefore he who would keep a city accustomed to freedom will hold it more easily by the means of its own citizens than in any other way.

連詞therefore后面的語句才是作者想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。