慢性病之手已伸向年輕人

It may seem odd to put “youth” and “chronic diseases” in the same category. Worldwide, not a significant number of young people currently suffer from chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cancer, and lung disease, so why worry?

把“年輕人”和“慢性病”兩個詞聯(lián)系在一起，可能會有些奇怪。在世界范圍內(nèi)，并沒有特別多年輕人罹患糖尿病、心臟病、中風(fēng)、癌癥和肺病等慢性病，那么，我們?yōu)槭裁匆獡?dān)心呢?

The World Health Organization has made the answer abundantly clear. There is a global epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). And the four primary risk factors for these chronic diseases—tobacco, alcohol, lack of exercise, and poor nutrition—are typically initiated during adolescence or young adulthood, setting the stage for later disease.

世界衛(wèi)生組織清楚地給出了答案。非傳染性疾病(NCD)正在全球范圍內(nèi)流行。這些慢性病通常由四個主要風(fēng)險因素引起，即吸煙、飲酒、缺乏鍛煉和營養(yǎng)不良。這些不良習(xí)慣通常始于青春期或成年早期，為以后的各種疾病埋下了病根。

Excessive smoking and alcohol

過度吸煙和飲酒

The younger an individual starts smoking and drinking, the greater the risk of addiction and chronic disease later in life. You can't always prevent high blood pressure, but giving up smoking and moderating your alcohol consumption can help.

一個人越早開始吸煙和飲酒，就越可能在以后的生活中成癮和患上慢性病。雖然我們無法預(yù)防高血壓，但是戒煙和控制飲酒可以減小高血壓發(fā)生的概率。

Lack of exercise

缺乏鍛煉

In recent years, young people are also living a more sedentary lifestyle due to the increasingly convenient transportation system and the widespread use of electronic devices. More than 80% of global teens don't get at least one hour of daily exercise, according to a UN health agency study.

近年來，隨著交通運輸系統(tǒng)的日益發(fā)達(dá)和電子設(shè)備的廣泛使用，久坐不動已經(jīng)成為了越來越多年輕人的生活方式。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)的一項研究，全球80%以上的青少年沒有達(dá)到每天至少1小時的運動量。

Poor nutrition

營養(yǎng)不良

Excess intake of foods high in sugar and oil, as well as insufficient consumption of vegetables, fruits and soybean products are blamed for the unbalanced diet of young people.

對高糖、高油食物攝入過多，對蔬菜、水果和大豆制品攝入不足，導(dǎo)致許多年輕人的飲食習(xí)慣嚴(yán)重失衡。

Overwork

超負(fù)荷工作

What’s more, overwork is another factor. High stress and overwork have become accepted as a modern way of working. The problem though, is that overwork doesn't work and it's killing people. Many young people have the habit of staying up late, and some have to work overtime. As a result, they are unknowingly worn out. Our heart is beating all the time, but if we do not pay attention to rest and ensure adequate sleep time, the heart will be affected and eventually stop working. You have, if you're getting six hours of sleep or less, a 200% increased risk of having a fatal heart attack, or stroke in your lifetime.

除此之外，超負(fù)荷工作也是一大因素。高壓和超負(fù)荷工作似乎已成現(xiàn)代人的工作方式。但問題在于，超負(fù)荷工作不是長久之計，它正在損害人們的身體健康。現(xiàn)在很多年輕人都有熬夜的習(xí)慣，或者一些人要經(jīng)常加班工作，結(jié)果，身體在不知不覺間就被透支了。要知道，雖然我們的心臟24小時都在跳動，但如果我們不注意休息，無法保證充足的睡眠時間，心臟也會受到影響，最終停止工作。如果你的睡眠時間小于或等于6小時，罹患致命性心臟病或中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險將增加200%。

However, the mounting burden of disease can be effectively contained if concerted efforts are devoted to changing these popular unhealthy habits. Health advocacy campaigns should also be rolled out to guide the public to adopt healthier eating habits and to work out more frequently.

不過，如果能夠多施并舉，改變這些不健康的生活習(xí)慣，這些疾病就可以得到有效控制。此外，還應(yīng)開展健康宣傳活動，引導(dǎo)公眾養(yǎng)成更健康的飲食習(xí)慣，積極鍛煉身體。