世界著名語言學(xué)家齊聚一堂，評(píng)選“十年詞匯”

世界著名語言學(xué)家齊聚一堂，評(píng)選“十年詞匯”

Leading linguists gather on Friday to decide whether Americans over the past decade were most affected by movements to end racial or sexual violence, cultivate respect for gender fluidity or some other change – and how to sum it all up in one word or phrase.

主要的語言學(xué)家們將于本周五齊聚一堂，討論在過去十年中，美國人是否最容易受到結(jié)束種族或性暴力、培養(yǎng)對(duì)性別流動(dòng)性的尊重或其他一些變化的影響，以及如何用一個(gè)詞或短語來概括這一切。

The American Dialect Society picks the “Word of the Decade” and “Word of the Year” at its annual meeting of university professors, grad students and word lovers of all ages, said Ben Zimmer, a linguist and lexicographer who heads the society’s New Words Committee.

美國方言學(xué)會(huì)新詞委員會(huì)主席、語言學(xué)家、詞典編纂者本·齊默說，該學(xué)會(huì)在其大學(xué)教授、研究生和各年齡段詞匯愛好者的年度會(huì)議上，評(píng)選出“十年詞匯”和“年度詞匯”。

“People want to choose something that stands the test of time and sums up the decade as a whole,” said Zimmer, who writes a language column for the Wall Street Journal.

為《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》撰寫語言專欄的齊默說:“人們想要選擇一種經(jīng)得起時(shí)間考驗(yàn)、能夠總結(jié)整個(gè)十年的語言。”

Social media has turbo-charged the way words or phrases become popular, leading to some recent multi-word champions for “Word of the Year,” including “tender-age shelter” in 2018 and “fake news” in 2017.

社交媒體極大地推動(dòng)了詞匯或短語的流行，導(dǎo)致最近一些多詞詞匯成為“年度詞匯”的冠軍，包括2018年的“tender-age shelter”和2017年的“fake news”。

Decade nominees include:

十年詞匯候選詞包括:

• “#BlackLivesMatter,” the hashtag used to protest alleged disparities in police use of force against African Americans.
• “黑人的生命很重要”是一個(gè)標(biāo)簽，用來抗議警察對(duì)非裔美國人使用武力的不平等。
• “Climate,” reflecting increased interest in the impact of climate change.
• “氣候”一詞反映了人們對(duì)氣候變化影響的日益關(guān)注。
• “#MeToo,” the movement that has highlighted widespread patterns of sexual abuse and harassment that women have faced at the hands of men across many spheres of life, including business, politics and entertainment.
• “#MeToo,” 運(yùn)動(dòng)突顯出在商業(yè)、政治和娛樂等生活的許多領(lǐng)域，女性都面臨著男性的性侵犯和性騷擾。
• “They,” when used as a gender-neutral singular pronoun, particularly as a nonbinary identifier.
• “They”用作中性的單數(shù)代詞時(shí)，尤其是用作非二元標(biāo)識(shí)符時(shí)。

The society, founded in 1889 and dedicated to the study of the English language in North America, started selecting its “Word of the Year” in 1991 and since then has picked only two other “Word of the Decade” winners. Top choices were “web” for the 1990s and “Google” as a verb for the 2000s.

該協(xié)會(huì)成立于1889年，致力于北美英語語言的研究，從1991年開始評(píng)選“年度詞匯”，從那以后只選出了另外兩個(gè)“十年詞匯”的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。最受歡迎詞匯是20世紀(jì)90年代的“web”和21世紀(jì)頭十年的動(dòng)詞“谷歌”。

So far, “Word of the Year” nominations for 2019 include:

到目前為止，2019年的“年度詞匯”提名包括:

• “OK Boomer,” described as a retort to someone older who expresses views that are out-of-touch or condescending to young people and their concerns.
• “OK, Boomer，”被描述為對(duì)年長一些的人的反駁，他們表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)，或?qū)δ贻p人及其關(guān)注的問題表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)越感。
• “(My) pronouns,” an introduction used for sharing one’s set of personal pronouns, for example “pronouns: she/her.”
• “(我的)代詞”，用來分享一組人稱代詞的介紹，例如“代詞:she/her”。
• “Cancel,” meaning to withdraw support from someone or something that is considered problematic or unacceptable, used in the phrase “cancel culture.”
• “取消”，意思是收回對(duì)某人或某事的支持，這被認(rèn)為是有問題的或不可接受的，在短語“取消文化”中使用。
• “Karen,” the stereotype of a complaining, self-important, demanding wh
• “卡倫”——一個(gè)愛抱怨、自命不凡、苛求女人的刻板印象。