從前，理發(fā)師竟干這么多！

During medieval times, barbers performed surgery on customers, as well as tooth extractions.

在中世紀(jì)，理發(fā)師為顧客做外科手術(shù)，并為顧客拔牙。

The original pole had a brass wash basin at the top (representing the vessel in which leeches were kept) and bottom (representing the basin that received the blood).

原來(lái)的柱子上下各有一個(gè)黃銅臉盆(上面的表示放水蛭的容器，下面的是盛血的水盆)。

The pole itself represents the staff that the patient gripped during the procedure to encourage blood flow.

桿子本身代表著手術(shù)過(guò)程中病人緊緊抓著的工作人員，以促進(jìn)血液流動(dòng)。

At the Council of Tours in 1163, the clergy was banned from the practice of surgery.

1163年圖爾議會(huì)禁止神職人員從事外科手術(shù)。

From then, physicians were clearly separated from the surgeons and barbers.

從那時(shí)起，醫(yī)生與外科醫(yī)生和理發(fā)師就被清楚地區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。

Later, the role of the barbers was defined by the College de Saint-Côme et Saint-Damien, established by Jean Pitard in Paris circa 1210, as academic surgeons of the long robe and barber surgeons of the short robe.

后來(lái)，大約在1210年，讓·皮塔德在巴黎創(chuàng)辦的圣卡米和圣達(dá)米恩學(xué)院確定了理發(fā)師的角色，學(xué)術(shù)外科醫(yī)生穿長(zhǎng)袍，理發(fā)師穿短袍。

After the formation of the United Barber Surgeon's Company in England, a statute required the barber to use a red and white pole and the surgeon to use a red pole.

英國(guó)聯(lián)合理發(fā)師外科醫(yī)生公司成立后，一項(xiàng)法令要求理發(fā)師使用紅白相間的桿子，而外科醫(yī)生使用紅色的桿子。

In France, surgeons used a red pole with a basin attached to identify their offices. Blue often appears on poles in the United States, possibly as a homage to its national colors.

在法國(guó)，外科醫(yī)生用一根帶盆的紅色桿子來(lái)區(qū)分他們的辦公室。美國(guó)人則常用藍(lán)色的桿子，這可能是為了向其民族色彩致敬。

Another, more fanciful interpretation of these barber pole colors is that red represents arterial blood, blue is symbolic of venous blood, and white depicts the bandage.

另一種更奇特的解釋是，紅色代表動(dòng)脈血，藍(lán)色代表靜脈血，白色代表繃帶。