年輕人由于肥胖問題,患癌率飆升

Being overweight is one of the biggest avoidablecauses of cancer. Nowhere is this mow moreobvious than in the millennial ?generation whererates of cancer are rising quicker than in theirancestors because they are heavier.

肥胖是癌癥最可避免的原因之一。尤為表現(xiàn)在：千禧一代因?yàn)轶w重更重，所以患癌率比其祖先高得多。

Cancers typically occur as we get older, but it's inthe under-50s where they're increasing mostdramatically, suggesting numbers will soar indecades to come as those people age. As anexample, pancreatic cancer cases have risen by six times more in 25 to 29 year olds than inthose who are 45 to 49. This is a deeply shocking reversal of medical law.

通常，隨著人們年齡的增長(zhǎng)，癌癥會(huì)相伴發(fā)生，但現(xiàn)狀卻是50歲以下的患癌率增長(zhǎng)最高，這也意味著隨著這些人逐漸變老，幾十年內(nèi)這一數(shù)字還會(huì)飆升。例如，25至29歲的胰腺癌患者是45至49歲胰腺癌患者的6倍。在醫(yī)療規(guī)律史上，這是一個(gè)驚天大逆轉(zhuǎn)。

Researchers from the American Cancer Society looked at data from nearly 15 million casesinvolving 30 of the most common cancers, including 12 which are related to obesity.

美國(guó)癌癥協(xié)會(huì)的研究員研究了1500萬(wàn)個(gè)癌癥案例數(shù)據(jù)，涉及30種最常見的癌癥，包括12種與肥胖相關(guān)的癌癥。

They divided patients into five-year age groups from 25-29 to 80-84 and followed them for 20 years. Researchers found cancers linked to obesity significantly increased over the 20-yearperiod but were surprised to find the steepest rises occurring in younger age groups.

患者年齡相差每隔5歲就被分成一個(gè)小組，從25-29歲至80-84歲，并在接下來的20年內(nèi)，對(duì)他們進(jìn)行隨訪。研究員發(fā)現(xiàn)：與肥胖相關(guān)的癌癥在20年間顯著增加，但更為驚訝的是，年輕群體的患癌率上升最高。

So, how does obesity lead to cancer?

那么，肥胖是如何導(dǎo)致癌癥的呢?

Fat cells aren't harmless and they're not neutral. They're active in the body, even toxic. Theyrelease inflammatory hormones and pass signals to cells that encourage them to divide andgrow, sometimes going on to grow uncontrollably, building up into malignant tumours.

脂肪細(xì)胞既不是無害的，也不是中性的。它們?cè)谌梭w內(nèi)十分活躍，甚至有毒。它們會(huì)釋放炎癥激素，向細(xì)胞傳遞信號(hào)鼓勵(lì)它們分裂、生長(zhǎng)。有時(shí)候，這些細(xì)胞會(huì)不受控制的生長(zhǎng)，形成惡性腫瘤。

 

While cases are still far more common in older people, scientists say the growing trend inyounger patients is likely to reflect rising obesity levels. "Most cancers occur in older adults, which means that as the young people in our study age, the burden of obesity-related cancercases and deaths are likely to increase even more," says the study's lead author, Dr AhmedinJemal.

雖然老年癌癥患者依然更為常見，但科學(xué)家表示，年輕患者的增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)很有可能反映了肥胖程度的增加。"癌癥大多發(fā)生在老年人身上，這意味著隨著本研究中年輕受試者的年齡增長(zhǎng)，與肥胖相關(guān)的癌癥病例和死亡負(fù)擔(dān)會(huì)進(jìn)一步加重，"研究的主要作者亞曼汀·杰梅爾博士說道。

The research found rates of the blood cancer multiple myeloma, and cancers of the bowel, womb, ?gallbladder, kidney, pancreas and thyroid, all increased in adults aged between 25 and 49. Dr Jemal said: "Death rates have been in decline for most cancers, but in the future, obesity could reverse that progress, barring any interventions."

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，25-49歲的成年人中，血癌多發(fā)性骨髓瘤、腸癌、子宮癌、膽囊癌、腎癌、胰腺癌和甲狀腺癌的發(fā)病率均有所增加。杰梅爾博士說道："大多數(shù)癌癥的致死率已有所下降，但未來肥胖或逆轉(zhuǎn)這一進(jìn)程，除非我們采取肥胖干預(yù)措施。"