2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法：定語(yǔ)從句

1.先行詞為all, anything, something, nothing, everything, much, little, none等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。在大多數(shù)情況下that可以省略.

Please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.

2.as引出的限制性定語(yǔ)從句

在such …as的結(jié)構(gòu)中as可作關(guān)系代詞，引出限制性定語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)和same連用，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。

Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.

3.as引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

as可作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代替整個(gè)主句，通常譯為“(正)如…一樣”，“(正)象…一樣”等。as引導(dǎo)的從句一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面.

I live a long way from work, as you know.

4.分隔式定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但有時(shí)會(huì)被其他句子成分與先行詞隔開，從而構(gòu)成分隔式定語(yǔ)從句。

The days are gone when power politics worked.

5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)引出的定語(yǔ)從句

如果關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)介詞可以提到從句前，構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)+定語(yǔ)從句”。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞不可以用that。

This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.

6.關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中?？梢允÷?一般有以下幾種情況：

1) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在大多數(shù)情況下可以省略。

This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.

關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞位于句尾時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可以省略;介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)則關(guān)系代詞不能省略。

This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.

2) 關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般不能省略，但如果關(guān)系代詞在由there …be存在句構(gòu)成的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴?/p>

This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.

3) 在way后面的定語(yǔ)從句中in which或that通常省略。

That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it.

7.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞或整個(gè)主句，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，其引導(dǎo)詞不能用that。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句屬于正式語(yǔ)體。經(jīng)?？嫉降姆窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句有以下三種。

1)由which、as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。which、as代表整個(gè)主句。

He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.

2)由 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

He sent her a letter, in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.

3)由 “數(shù)詞、代詞或名詞+of +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

He had three sons, one of whom was my son’s classmate.