英語(yǔ)六級(jí)攻克閱讀關(guān)鍵句325. What has happened is that every time a ma

325. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute.

譯文　發(fā)生的情形是每次某種資源好像要被用盡的時(shí)候，其價(jià)格就開(kāi)始上漲。于是人們便作出響應(yīng)，尋找新的資源供給，試圖找到節(jié)省使用這種稀缺資源的辦法或者尋找一種新的替代資源。

點(diǎn)睛　本句的主干是What has happened is that...。What has happened為主語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句that every time...new substitute；every time為該表語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而a material seems to be running short則為省略關(guān)系副詞when的定語(yǔ)從句修飾time。the price has risen and, in response, people have...a new substitute為該表語(yǔ)從句的主干。

in response在句中作插入語(yǔ)，意為“作為回應(yīng)；與之相應(yīng)”。如：

In response, the restaurant began offering more seating. 作為回應(yīng)，該餐廳開(kāi)始提供更多的座位。

run short意為“缺少，耗盡”，有時(shí)后接介詞of，表示“缺少某物”。如：

I have run short of money. 我正缺錢(qián)用。

substitute意為“替代品”。如：

She is seeking a substitute for the man who broke her heart. 她在尋覓一個(gè)人來(lái)替代那個(gè)傷了她的心的男人。

考點(diǎn)歸納　在句中作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句，它可以直接放在句首作句子的主語(yǔ)，也可以放到句子的后部，前面用it作其形式主語(yǔ)。以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)基本可以換用。但是，由what、whoever、whatever等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句前一般不用形式主語(yǔ)it。如：

That he will come here on Tuesday is certain. 他周二會(huì)來(lái)這里是確定的事實(shí)?？梢愿膶?xiě)成：It is certain that he will come here on Tuesday.

What he told me was true. 他告訴我的是真的。不能說(shuō)：It was true what he told me.

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