六級(jí)閱讀：以音樂(lè)作武器及精講

　　六級(jí)閱讀：以音樂(lè)作武器Beethoven And Lennon

　　Ludwig Van Beethoven1 was one of the greatest musicians in the 19 th century. John Lennon2 was one of the greatest musicians in the 20 th century. Although there is a period of about 200 years between them, they are quite similar in certain ways.

　　Both men expressed the spirit of their time in their music. Beethoven lived in the period of rising capitalism. At that time, people were trying to break the shackles of feudalism3 , and they were pursuing freedom, equality, and universal love. This social trend, especially the French revolution, greatly inspired Beethoven. His music was very active, passionate, and vigorous. Some of his works praised heroism, some conveyed the love for nature, and some extolled4 harmony among people. Similarly, Lennon's music revealed his time. In the 1960s and 1970 s, the youth in America were deeply frustrated by the discrimination and injustice in the society and were longing to build a new one . Most of Lennon's songs expressed the ideas of the youth. In one of his songs entitled Imagine, he sings, "Imagine all the people , living under peace", and "The world will be united together as one". These words show his anti-war attitude and his hope for peace , and reflect the spirit of the 60s and 70 s.

　　Both men were social rebels to some extent. They refused to bow to social conventions and power. Beethoven was a devoted republican. When Napoleon5 was in power, who claimed to be a defender of republicanism, Beethoven admired him so much that he dedicated his Symphony No. 3, the theme of which is heroism, to him. But then Napoleon crowned6 himself and became an emperor. Beethoven was so angry that he openly declared he took back what he had said about Napoleon, regardless of possible persecution. Lennon was also considered a trouble-maker by the authorities because of his support for youth movements. For a time he was not even allowed to give public performances. But he ignored all this and stuck to his belief.

　　閱讀自測(cè)

　?、? Fin d the correct me anings of the words in the left from the right side :

　　1. passionate A. praise somebody or something highly

　　2. dedicate B. discouraged, not satisfied

　　3. frustrated C. caused by or showing strong feelings

　　4. stick to D. not change something; keep to

　　5. extol E. address ( one's book, a piece of music) to somebody as a way of showing respect

　?、? Fill in the blanks :

　　1. At the time of capitalism, people were trying to break the _____________( 枷鎖) of feudalism to pursue freedom _____________( 平等) and _____________( 博愛(ài)) . 2. In the 60 s and 70s, the youth in America were deeply frustrated by the _____________( 歧 視) and _____________( 不公正) in the society and were longing to build a new one. 3. They refused to bow to social _____________( 習(xí)俗) and power and Beethoven was a _____________( 忠實(shí)的) republican. 4. But then Napoleon ________( 加冕) himself and became an emperor.

　　參考答案

　?、? 1. C 2 . E 3. B 4 . D 5. A

　?、? 1. shackles / equality / universal love 2. discrimination / injustice 3. conventions / devoted 4. crowned

　　六級(jí)閱讀：以音樂(lè)作武器參考譯文及講解

　　以音樂(lè)作武器

　　路德維希· 馮·貝多芬是18 世紀(jì)最偉大的音樂(lè)家之一。約翰· 列儂則是20 世紀(jì)最 有成就的音樂(lè)家之一。盡管兩人相距近兩百年, 但是他們?cè)谀承┓矫鎱s極其相似。

　　貝多芬和列儂都在音樂(lè)中表達(dá)各自的時(shí)代精神。貝多芬生活在資本主義崛起之時(shí)。 那時(shí), 人們正試圖打破封建主義的枷鎖, 追求自由、平等和博愛(ài)。這種社會(huì)趨勢(shì), 特別是法 國(guó)大革命, 給了他極大的啟發(fā)。貝多芬的音樂(lè)非常積極向上、熱情激昂、氣勢(shì)磅礴。他的音 樂(lè)作品有的贊美英雄主義, 有的表達(dá)對(duì)自然的熱愛(ài)之情, 還有的歌頌人與人之間的融洽情 感。和貝多芬一樣, 列儂的音樂(lè)也展示了他生活的那個(gè)時(shí)代。20 世紀(jì)60 年代與70 年代, 美國(guó)社會(huì)上出現(xiàn)的歧視與不公正現(xiàn)象強(qiáng)烈地打擊了青年們, 他們都期望建立新的社會(huì)。列 儂的歌曲大多表達(dá)了青年的這種思想。他在一首名為《想象》的歌曲中唱道,“ 想象全人類(lèi) 都生活在和平之中”,“ 世界大同”。這些歌詞表達(dá)了他的反戰(zhàn)情緒以及對(duì)和平的向往之 情, 并反射出上世紀(jì)60 和70 年代的時(shí)代精神。

　　在 一定程度上, 兩人都是社會(huì)的叛逆者。他們拒絕向社會(huì)習(xí)俗和權(quán)勢(shì)低頭。貝多芬是 個(gè)忠實(shí)的共和黨人。拿破侖當(dāng)權(quán)時(shí)曾宣稱(chēng)自己是共和制的捍衛(wèi)者, 貝多芬非常欽佩他, 就 把歌頌英雄主義的作品《第三交響曲》獻(xiàn)給了他。但是不久, 拿破侖就加冕稱(chēng)帝了。貝多 芬異常氣憤, 不顧可能遭受的迫害, 公開(kāi)宣布收回對(duì)拿破侖的贊揚(yáng)。列儂因支持青年運(yùn)動(dòng) 也被當(dāng)權(quán)者認(rèn)定是搗亂分子, 甚至一度遭到封殺, 可他卻依然不顧一切地堅(jiān)持自己的信仰。

　　閱讀導(dǎo)評(píng)

　　我國(guó)著名音樂(lè)家冼星海說(shuō)過(guò):“音樂(lè)是人生最大的快樂(lè), 音樂(lè)是生活中的一股清泉, 音 樂(lè)是陶冶性情的熔爐。”貝多芬和列儂不僅體驗(yàn)到了這種快樂(lè), 還從中獲得了一種促使他們 前進(jìn)的精神力量。為了更好地生活, 我們也當(dāng)悉心傾聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。傾聽(tīng)音樂(lè)才能更好地領(lǐng)悟音 樂(lè)。能夠領(lǐng)悟音樂(lè)的人, 才能從一切世俗的煩惱中超脫出來(lái), 才能更好地駕馭生活, 才能成 為生活的主人。

　　閱讀導(dǎo)釋

　　1. 路德維希·馮·貝多芬( 1770—1827) , 德國(guó)作曲家, 畢生追求“ 自由、平等、博愛(ài)”的理 想, 其創(chuàng)作集西方古典樂(lè)派之大成, 開(kāi)浪漫樂(lè)派之先河, 對(duì)后世西洋音樂(lè)的發(fā)展有深遠(yuǎn)影 響。貝多芬被后人尊稱(chēng)為“ 樂(lè)圣”, 其主要作品有《英雄》、《命運(yùn)》、《田園》等交響樂(lè)9部,《悲愴》、《月光》、《暴風(fēng)雨》等鋼琴奏鳴曲32 部及弦樂(lè)四重奏17 部。文章中提及的 Symphony No. 3 即《第三交響曲》, 作品原來(lái)打算題獻(xiàn)給貝多芬心目中的英雄拿破侖, 但 當(dāng)他聽(tīng)說(shuō)拿破侖稱(chēng)帝, 便劃掉了獻(xiàn)詞。共和主義原則使他義憤填膺, 于是把題詞改為 “ 為了紀(jì)念一位偉人”。

　　2. 約翰·列儂( 1940—1980) ,“ 披頭士”( Beatles) 樂(lè)隊(duì)主要代表人物, 被稱(chēng)為“ 搖滾之父”。 大家所熟悉的歌曲《黃色潛水艇》與《昨天》均出自該樂(lè)隊(duì)。這支樂(lè)隊(duì)屬于先鋒派, 他們比 較狂熱與敏感, 是和平的忠實(shí)捍衛(wèi)者。1980 年12 月8 日, 列儂在自己曼哈頓公寓的門(mén)口, 被一名瘋狂的歌迷槍殺。文章中提到的《想象》表達(dá)了列儂呼喚和平時(shí)代到來(lái)的思想。

　　3. shackle 原意是“鐐銬, 手銬, 腳鐐”, 常比喻為“ 枷鎖, 桎梏, 束縛”, 這里就取此詞的比喻 義。feudalism 意思是“封建主義, 封建制度”, 與前文中的capitalism, 即“ 資本主義, 資本 主義制度”是相對(duì)而言的。

　　4. 這個(gè)詞的意思是“ 頌揚(yáng), 贊揚(yáng), 贊美”, 是個(gè)美化用語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞, 如: extol one's merits ( 稱(chēng)頌 某人的功績(jī)) ; extol one to the skies ( 把某人捧上天) 。

　　5. 這里指的是通常所說(shuō)的拿破侖一世( 1769—1821) , 法蘭西第一帝國(guó)和百日王朝皇帝。 1804 年, 拿破侖發(fā)動(dòng)霧月18 日政變, 自任第一執(zhí)政。他稱(chēng)帝后頒布的《拿破侖法典》對(duì) 后世有著重要影響。他在位時(shí)連年對(duì)外用兵, 滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)役慘敗后被流放到圣赫勒拿島。 今天所說(shuō)的短語(yǔ)meet one's waterloo ( 慘遭失敗) 即來(lái)源于此。

　　6. 該詞原本指“皇冠, 桂冠”, 這里用作動(dòng)詞, 意思是“ 為……加冕, 立……為君王”, 還有 “ 給……戴( 花冠) , 授……以榮譽(yù)”的意思, 如: The Emperor crowned the victor with laurel. ( 國(guó)王授予勝利者以桂冠。) 詞組the crown of the year 則指“收獲季節(jié), 秋季”。