2015年6月英語四級(jí)閱讀句子分析(3)：略讀方法

　　快速閱讀從2006年6月份首次出現(xiàn)到現(xiàn)在，題型的難度一直在穩(wěn)步遞增，其中也包含了題型的改變(自2007年12月份起將判斷題改為選擇題)。這既折射出了命題者對(duì)該部分題型命制的探索與不斷創(chuàng)新，也反映出了命題者在反復(fù)調(diào)整題型的難度系數(shù)，想要給該部分尋找到一個(gè)合適的分量。這種嘗試既有成功，但也有欠考慮之處?？忌毡榉从晨焖匍喿x難度過大，個(gè)別題目超出了四級(jí)甚至是六級(jí)考試大綱的要求。下面，將結(jié)合真題為各位考生揭開快速閱讀解題的神秘面紗：

　　兩大基本考點(diǎn)——skimming和scanning

　　其實(shí)“快速閱讀”這個(gè)稱謂是對(duì)這部分題型名稱的一種誤解，甚或說是一種誤譯。實(shí)際上試題冊(cè)上所給的題型英文名稱是Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)——閱讀理解(略讀與跳讀)。不少考生正是由于受到所謂“快速”兩字的誤導(dǎo)，以為單純求快就可以萬事大吉，殊不知這其中是另有“隱情”。

　　Skimming——略讀

　　略讀，顧名思義就是要求考生在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)把握住文章某個(gè)段落的主題思想。我們首先來看一下2010年6月份快速閱讀第一題：

　　1. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?

　　A) Her daughter's repeated complaints.

　　B) Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.

　　C) The poorly managed state of her house.

　　D) The high financial costs adding up.

　　一般來說快速閱讀的第一題往往是針對(duì)文章的開頭部分。以該題為例，基本上所有考生都能夠定位到第一段?？墒堑谝欢蔚降讘?yīng)該怎么讀就成了個(gè)大問題。

　　A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs – leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.

　　誠然，從頭到尾“快速”讀完確實(shí)是個(gè)辦法——而且也是絕大多數(shù)考生使用的辦法，但這樣做完全失去了skimming的意義。換個(gè)角度來說，如果每個(gè)題目都像這樣把段落讀完，那么十道題加在一起所積累的閱讀量勢必將超過15分鐘的大限。其實(shí)大部分文章的段落重點(diǎn)或者說中心都集中在首末句上。略讀所要考察的就是考生是否敢于大膽抓住首末句，拋去段落中間的無效部分，從而迅速找到答案。以本題而言，該段最后一句，尤其是but之后的“it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem”(直到她的四個(gè)女兒開始不斷發(fā)出抱怨的時(shí)候她在開始意識(shí)到自己出問題了)就是答案所在位置。故而選擇A選項(xiàng)。

　　再看2009年6月的快速閱讀第六題：

　　6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?

　　A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.

　　B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.

　　C) It helped him make fair decisions.

　　D) It met participants’ diverse needs.

　　這道題在當(dāng)年得分率非常低。原因就在于這道題對(duì)應(yīng)的可能段落有兩段而不是一段(省略號(hào)表示段落略去部分，下文同此例)：

　　“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . …”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce .

　　“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”

　　這道題目的要求更高。考生不僅要知道重點(diǎn)在兩個(gè)段落的首末句上，還需要結(jié)合題目所問，對(duì)這四個(gè)句子孰輕孰重作出預(yù)先判斷，然后再進(jìn)行閱讀。題目問的是Dale對(duì)這個(gè)研討班的看法。據(jù)此看來一段第一句無效，因其起始部分講到的是Dale在公司的position(職位)。同樣該段末句也無效，Dale’s assumptions——講的是Dale原先的一些錯(cuò)誤想法和做法。很可惜的是當(dāng)年不少考生都在這兩個(gè)句子上耗費(fèi)了大量時(shí)間，甚至還有個(gè)別考生通讀該段，這樣自然是得不償失。

　　再來看下一段的第一句，I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation(我通過學(xué)習(xí)知道不能把自己的性別比、偏見帶到工作中去)。這句話有用嗎?顯然也不行。因?yàn)樗v到的是Dale在學(xué)習(xí)班里的收獲。最后一句說道“because it helped me make decisions based on fairness”(因?yàn)檫@個(gè)研討班讓我能做出公平的選擇)。讀到這里第六題的答案也就順理成章的選擇C了。

　　2010年6月第七題：

　　7. Andrew Heidrich now visits websites that discuss online gaming addiction to __________.

　　A) improve his online gaming skills

　　B) curb his desire for online gaming

　　C) show how good he is at online gaming

　　D) exchange online gaming experience

　　這道題和上述第六題頗有些相像。它對(duì)應(yīng)的段落，也就是出現(xiàn)了Heidrich這個(gè)人物的段落，同樣也是兩段：

　　Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sacramento, plays World of Warcraft for about two to four hours every other night, but that's nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing online games when he was in college. He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention (干預(yù)), in which relatives told him he'd gained weight.

　　"There's this whole culture of competition that sucks people in" with online gaming, said Heidrich, now a father of two. "People do it at the expense of everything that was a constant in their lives." Heidrich now visits websites that discuss gaming addiction regularly "to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check."

　　如果讀者朋友掌握了我們剛才所講的方法自然就會(huì)覺得這題就比較輕松了。同樣是抓住兩個(gè)段落的四個(gè)重點(diǎn)句，然后根據(jù)題干進(jìn)行判斷。分析過程這里就不再贅述。很明顯第二段最后一句是符合要求的。Heidrich now visits websites that discuss gaming addiction regularly "to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check."(Heidirch現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常瀏覽那些探討網(wǎng)友成癮問題的網(wǎng)站，不時(shí)提醒自己克制對(duì)網(wǎng)游的喜愛。)所以答案選擇B。

　　通過上面三個(gè)例子的分析，我們不難看出四級(jí)快速閱讀略讀相對(duì)而言是比較容易掌握的。在確定出對(duì)應(yīng)段落后直接分析它的首末句就可以了。只不過個(gè)別難題還要求結(jié)合題干逐一對(duì)照比較分析，在若干個(gè)首末句當(dāng)中挑選出最合適的。還有一點(diǎn)不知道讀者朋友有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)，實(shí)際上，在首句和末句當(dāng)中最后能夠充當(dāng)答案的往往還是最后一句。記住這個(gè)小規(guī)律了對(duì)于提高解題速度也大有幫助。