2011年12月英語四級快速閱讀：爭分奪秒是關(guān)鍵

　　技巧方法與點(diǎn)撥
　?。ㄒ唬┻x擇題解題步驟
　　1. 看題干，定位題干關(guān)鍵詞
　　先看題干，找出題干中重要信息詞，結(jié)合題干猜測文章大意。確定關(guān)鍵詞即從題干中確定出一個(gè)或若干個(gè)信息含量大而且有明顯提示作用的詞。在此我們建議將以下幾類詞語定為“關(guān)鍵詞”：
　　1) 用做提問主體的名詞，可能是動作的施動者或受動者，或是描述的對象。
　　2) 用于表示某一行動、計(jì)劃或行為的動詞。該動詞表示的動作一般會與后面要提問的內(nèi)容形成因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、承接關(guān)系或假定關(guān)系；或后面的提問部分是做某事的方式、時(shí)間及地點(diǎn)等。
　　3) 時(shí)間狀語等表示時(shí)間的詞語。
　　4) 以人名和地點(diǎn)為代表的表示名稱的詞語。
　　2. 讀文章，把握文章大意
　　帶著關(guān)鍵詞閱讀文章，并在腦海中形成文章大意結(jié)構(gòu)圖。
　　1) 閱讀原文中的Title(標(biāo)題)、Subtitle(副標(biāo)題)和Section heading(段落標(biāo)題)，以了解文章的大概意思和所談話題，對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有個(gè)初步印象。
　　2) 如果原文沒有任何標(biāo)題和插圖，就要閱讀各段的首尾句，以初步了解其各段大意和結(jié)構(gòu)。
　　3. 回看題，原文定位答案
　　針對閱讀過程中有印象的地方如細(xì)節(jié)題在文中簡單標(biāo)記。對于印象模糊的，仔細(xì)分析題干、選項(xiàng)，并在原文中找出對應(yīng)關(guān)鍵句及答案。
　　4. 核選項(xiàng)，保證萬無一失
　　對把握不準(zhǔn)，需要仔細(xì)核對的選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)特別注意辨別易混淆選項(xiàng)，回到文中找到確切的證據(jù)。
　?。ǘ┚渥犹羁疹}解題技巧
　　1. 仔細(xì)審題，準(zhǔn)確定位
　　由于快速閱讀出題的順序遵循與原文基本一致的原則，最后三道句子填空題的答案應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)轿恼潞竺娴亩温淙フ摇．?dāng)然這也不是絕對的，比如第8題的原文定位有可能在第7題的前面。
　　【例1】By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.
　　The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centres. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.
　　【題目】7. Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.
　　8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was________________.
　　【解析】 根據(jù)Service stations, motels and restaurants將第7題定位于上面第二段倒數(shù)第二句；根據(jù)the interstate system,將第8題定位于上面第一段最后。
　　2. 解讀題干結(jié)構(gòu)，調(diào)整語言形式
　　在審題定位之后，考生應(yīng)研讀定位詞所在的上下文若干句子。一般來說通過比照原文就可直接得出答案。但是，有時(shí)題干中句子結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整要求考生在語言形式上做出相應(yīng)的變化。
　　【例2】5. Make up Your Mind
　　Say you’ve been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylish—or too extreme? You endlessly think it over. Having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain. Every time you can’t decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and don’t look back.
　　【題目】When it comes to decision making, one should make a quick choice without_________.
　　【解析】looking back。根據(jù)decision making定位至原文第5個(gè)小標(biāo)題部分最后一句。題干中的介詞without要求后面接動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，原文中的look back相應(yīng)調(diào)整為looking back。