12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試詞匯：大綱詞匯(6)

    1. Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights, and thus they seek to accentuate(強(qiáng)調(diào)) contradictions in social action, not gloss over or transcend them by appeals to extrasocial symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of nature.

　　2. The hydrologic(水文地質(zhì)的) cycle, a major topic in this science, is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes, beginning as atmospheric water vapor, passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation (降水(量)), thence along and into the ground surface, and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration(散發(fā)).

　　3. My point is that its central consciousness—its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people’s lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage, a heritage that, in general, has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.

　　4. In the early 1950’s historians who studies preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite (精華) : the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates (要人) who had hitherto (迄今) usually filled history books.

　　5. The historian Frederick J. Tuner wrote in the 1890’s that the agrarian(農(nóng)民) discontent (不滿(mǎn)) that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated (加速) by the closing of the internal frontier—that is , the depletion (枯竭) of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system.

　　6. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beure’s blindness to the real nature of great writing, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments, and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.

　　7. The best evidence for the layered mantle (地幔) thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes (地柱) arising from the lower mantle, are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system, whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle.

　　8. In October 1838, I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on, from long continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that, under these circumstances, favorable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed.

　　9. But these beliefs about peptide hormones (肽激素) were questioned as laboratory after laboratory found that antiserums(抗血清) to peptide hormones, when injected into the brain, bind in places other than the hypothalamus(下丘腦), indicating that either the hormones or substances that cross-react with the antiserums are present.

　　10 Proponents(支持者)of the so-called Golden Quadrangle (金四角)，which would link areas of Bruma, Laos, Thailand and China's Yunnan province, are seeking an Asian Development Bank feasibility study of joint development and business projects that could free the region's hinterlands(內(nèi)地)from their notorious dependence on the heroin trade.

　　1、大喜劇家們認(rèn)為真理需要各種啟示，因此他們開(kāi)始強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)活動(dòng)中的各種矛盾，而不是掩飾或者通過(guò)非社會(huì)象征的神圣結(jié)局和喜劇目的、自然規(guī)律來(lái)超越它。

　　2、水文地質(zhì)循環(huán)是這一科學(xué)里面的一個(gè)重要課題，它是水的完全循環(huán)過(guò)程。這一過(guò)程從水蒸汽開(kāi)始中，以降水量的形式成為液態(tài)或者固態(tài)水，這樣就到了地表，最后又通過(guò)蒸發(fā)或者散發(fā)方式回到水蒸汽的狀態(tài)。

　　3、我認(rèn)為它的關(guān)鍵意識(shí)——它對(duì)于階級(jí)和性的深遠(yuǎn)理解對(duì)人們的生活有著重要影響——很大程度上歸功于文化遺產(chǎn)，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)代的文藝批評(píng)家并未對(duì)此給予足夠評(píng)價(jià)。

　　4、早在20世紀(jì)50年代，許多研究前工業(yè)時(shí)代歐洲(我們可將其粗略定義為1300年至1800年間的歐洲)的歷史學(xué)家們開(kāi)始研究更多的歐洲人群，而不僅僅局在只占人口總數(shù)2%到3%的那些至今還充斥著歷史書(shū)籍的政治、社會(huì)、精英人物：國(guó)王、將軍、法官、貴族主教和地方要人。

　　5、歷史學(xué)家Frederick J Tuner在19世紀(jì)90年代寫(xiě)道：自1870年以來(lái)美國(guó)農(nóng)民的不滿(mǎn)一直在緩慢增長(zhǎng)，直到1870年關(guān)閉了內(nèi)部前沿以后就被加速了——就是說(shuō)，用于擴(kuò)張農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的新土地資源已經(jīng)枯竭了。

　　6、Fallois提出Proust 1908年就開(kāi)始寫(xiě)小說(shuō)了，因?yàn)镾aint-Beure對(duì)于寫(xiě)作的真實(shí)性質(zhì)的忽視，他把小說(shuō)放置了。后來(lái)開(kāi)始流行個(gè)人回憶錄和科幻小說(shuō)，這些東西和小說(shuō)一起穩(wěn)步地發(fā)展。

　　7、分層地幔的最好證據(jù)就是在海島上發(fā)現(xiàn)的火山巖這一明顯的事實(shí)。島嶼被認(rèn)為是從低層地幔升起的地柱形成的，它構(gòu)成的基本成份與海中的山脊系統(tǒng)根本不同，許多地質(zhì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為它起源于上層地幔。

　　8、1838年10月，我隨便讀了《馬爾薩散人口論》，很欣賞書(shū)的到處都有的生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)動(dòng)物和植物生存習(xí)性的長(zhǎng)期觀察，我忽然想到這種環(huán)境下，有利于生存的變化被保留了，而不利于生存變化被消除了。

　　9、但是這些對(duì)于肽激素的信仿，被一個(gè)又一個(gè)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)疑，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)抗血清被注入大腦后，并不在下丘腦那里才凝固，顯示出肽激素和與抗血清反作用的物質(zhì)都不存在。

　　10、連接著緬甸、老撾、泰國(guó)和中國(guó)云南省的區(qū)域構(gòu)成了所謂的金三角，它的支持者們正尋求亞洲發(fā)展銀行進(jìn)行合作開(kāi)發(fā)的可行性研究，以此來(lái)使其區(qū)域內(nèi)地?cái)[脫對(duì)臭名昭著的海洛因貿(mào)易的依靠。