強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)長難句分類解析

強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)長難句分類解析

1. Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.

【翻譯演練】 　_________________________

【參考譯文】 　人類長期受制于洪水和干旱，或許正是這種痛苦才使得制服水患的想法如此令人興奮。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering (at the mercy of flood and drought) that makes the idea (of forcing the waters to do our bidding) so fascinating.此句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It is humankind's long suffering...that makes the idea...so fascinating；被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是句子的主語humankind's long suffering，謂語動(dòng)詞是makes，賓語是the idea，so fascinating是賓語補(bǔ)足語；括號(hào)中的表達(dá)是各自前面名詞的后置定語。

【詞匯精記】 　humankind 人類；suffering 痛苦；at the mercy of 在……的憐憫下，受……的擺布；flood 洪水；drought 干旱；bidding 命令；force sb. to do our bidding （命令）強(qiáng)迫某人服從命令；fascinating 令人著迷的。

2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demands of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

【翻譯演練】 　___________________________

【參考譯文】 　在美國經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下，個(gè)體消費(fèi)者的需求以及商人追求最大利潤和個(gè)人追求最大收入的欲望，這兩方面決定了生產(chǎn)什么以及資源如何投入。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　Thus, in the American economic system it is the demands (of individual consumers), (coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes ), that together determine {what shall be produced } and {how resources are used to produce it }.此句的主干是：In the American economic system, it is the demands..., that together determine what...and how... ；即該句的被強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象是句子主語the demands，謂語動(dòng)詞是determine，其后面的斜體表達(dá)分別是特殊疑問詞what和how引導(dǎo)的名詞從句，它們是并列關(guān)系，共同作謂語determine的賓語（即賓語從句）；此句的理解難點(diǎn)在于被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分，主語demands后面的第一個(gè)括號(hào)表達(dá)是介詞短語of...作后置定語，修飾demands；第二個(gè)括號(hào)表達(dá)則是過去分詞短語作非限制性定語，相當(dāng)于（which are）coupled with...，即相當(dāng)于非限制性定語從句的省略，對(duì)demands作進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明；另外，在此部分中，斜體部分是各自前面desire的雙重后置定語。

【詞匯精記】 　economic system 經(jīng)濟(jì)體制；demand 要求，需求；individual 個(gè)體的；consumer 消費(fèi)者；coupled with （相當(dāng)于together with）和……一起；desire 欲望；maximize 最大化；profit 利潤，利益，好處；determine 決定；resource 資源。

3. Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine, especially if it be wrapped in white paper by a clever chemist.

【翻譯演練】 　____________________________

【參考譯文】 　不僅僅是那些缺乏知識(shí)和沒有受過教育的人們才對(duì)瓶裝藥物如此信賴，尤其是當(dāng)瓶裝藥物由聰明的藥劑師用白紙包裝起來的時(shí)候。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith (in the bottle of medicine), especially if it be wrapped in white paper by a clever chemist .此句的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，因?yàn)榉穸ㄔ~Nor置于句首，句子的整體結(jié)構(gòu)是倒裝形式；被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分the ignorant and ill-educated person在句子中是主語，謂語是has，賓語是such faith，括號(hào)中的介詞短語是前面faith的后置定語，句末斜體部分是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞has，表示其發(fā)生的條件；此外，為加強(qiáng)語氣，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞采用了虛擬語氣的形式。

【詞匯精記】 　ignorant 無知的；ill-educated 缺乏教育的；have faith in 信任；wrap 包裹；chemist 藥劑師。

4. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.

【翻譯演練】 　________________________

【參考譯文】 　所有這一切都表明對(duì)睡眠的打擾并非關(guān)鍵，關(guān)鍵的是對(duì)睡夢(mèng)的打擾。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　The implications of all this were that it was not (the disturbance of sleep) that mattered, but (the disturbance of dreaming).此句的主語是The implications，謂語是系動(dòng)詞were，表語是緊隨其后that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句（即表語從句），主語后面的斜體表達(dá)of all this 是介詞短語作主語的后置定語；強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在that引導(dǎo)的表語從句中，被強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象the disturbance of sleep是從句的主語，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是mattered，末端的畫線部分和主語形成對(duì)比反差（not...but...）；從句的結(jié)構(gòu)也可以寫成it was not the disturbance of sleep but the disturbance of dreaming that mattered，只不過這樣會(huì)頭重腳輕，結(jié)構(gòu)不太協(xié)調(diào)。

【詞匯精記】 　implication 暗示，內(nèi)涵；disturbance 打擾；matter (vi.) 重要。

5. It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization, for the study of the whole human civilization.

【翻譯演練】 　________________________

【參考譯文】 　恰恰是對(duì)人類自身的研究，主流的社會(huì)學(xué)科才用對(duì)一個(gè)區(qū)域的研究（即對(duì)西方文明的研究）代替了對(duì)全人類的研究。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　 It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study (of one local variation), that (of Western civilization), for the study (of the whole human civilization).此句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是in the study of man himself，是句子的范圍狀語；主語是the major social sciences，謂語是have substituted，賓語是the study，雙逗號(hào)中間的that...是其前面study的同位語，最后介詞for短語是狀語（和substitute形成搭配）。

【詞匯精記】 　major 主要的；social science 社會(huì)學(xué)科，社會(huì)科學(xué)；substitute A for B 用A代替B；local 地方的；variation 變異（形式），變動(dòng)；Western civilization 西方文明。

6. It was the training that he had as a young man that made him such a good engineer.

【翻譯演練】 　_________________________

【參考譯文】 　年輕時(shí)所受到的訓(xùn)練，使得他成為了一名優(yōu)秀的工程師。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　 It was the training (that he had as a young man ) that made him such a good engineer.此句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是the training，作句子的主語成分，謂語是made，賓語是him，such a good engineer是賓語補(bǔ)足語。 主語the training后面是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句（易被誤認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分），修飾先行詞the training，其中斜體表達(dá)as a young man 是介詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，修飾從句謂語had，表示其發(fā)生的時(shí)間。

【詞匯精記】 　training 訓(xùn)練；as a young man 當(dāng)年輕的時(shí)候；engineer 工程師。

7. What is it that causes us to get so angry with other people when we are sitting behind the wheel of our car?

【翻譯演練】 　_____________________________

【參考譯文】 　究竟是什么使得我們?cè)谧椒较虮P后面的時(shí)候會(huì)對(duì)其他人變得如此生氣？

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　What is it that causes us to get so angry with other people//when we are sitting behind the wheel of our car?此句第一段是句子主干，它是一個(gè)特殊疑問句形式的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，正常語序是It was what that causes us to...，被強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象是特殊疑問代詞What，在句子中作主語，謂語是causes，賓語是us，to get so angry with other people是不定式短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語；第二段是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示前面主句謂語動(dòng)詞causes發(fā)生的時(shí)間。

【詞匯精記】 　get angry with 對(duì)……變得生氣；sit behind 坐在……后面；wheel 轱轆，輪子，方向盤。

8. It is when the control over immediate environment is threatened, or violated in some way by other road users that anger and rage result.

【翻譯演練】 　________________________

【參考譯文】 　當(dāng)其他的道路使用者通過某種方式威脅或侵犯到眼前的環(huán)境控制時(shí)，憤怒，甚至暴怒，就會(huì)油然而生。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　 It is when the control (over immediate environment) is threatened, or violated in some way by other road users that anger and rage result.此句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主語是anger and rage，謂語動(dòng)詞是result；在時(shí)間狀語從句中，括號(hào)中的over短語是control的后置定語，斜體表達(dá)分別是方式狀語和動(dòng)作發(fā)出者。

【詞匯精記】 　the control over 對(duì)……的控制；immediate 立刻的，近距離的，當(dāng)前的；environment 環(huán)境；threaten 威脅；violate 違反，違背，冒犯；in some way 通過某種方式；result （作為結(jié)果）出現(xiàn)。

9. When I try to understand what it is that it prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one expects, it seems to me that there are two causes.

【翻譯演練】 　_______________________

【參考譯文】 　當(dāng)我試圖了解究竟是什么使得如此多的美國人不像想象中那么幸福的時(shí)候，似乎可以找到兩個(gè)原因。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　When I try to understand (what it is that it prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one expects),//it seems to me that there are two causes.此句的第二段是句子主干，結(jié)構(gòu)采用固定句型it seems that...；第一段是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，其中I是主語，謂語是try to understand，賓語是特殊疑問詞what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句（即賓語從句）。 此賓語從句采用強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，疑問代詞what是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的從句主語，從句謂語是prevents。

【詞匯精記】 　prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事；It seems to sb. that... 對(duì)于某人來講似乎……。

10. But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.

【翻譯演練】 　______________________________

【參考譯文】 　但是，恰恰相反，只是在現(xiàn)代伽利略才成為科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家面前的新生難題。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是時(shí)間狀語only in modern times，句子的主干是that后的表達(dá)。

【詞匯精記】 　in contrast 完全相反；modern times 現(xiàn)代；Galileo 伽利略（意大利科學(xué)家）；a problem child 問題孩子（比喻新生難題）；historians of science 科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家。

11. It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and silt have been continuously deposited, that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.

【翻譯演練】 　_______________________

【參考譯文】 　只有生活在水中或水邊的動(dòng)植物尸體最有可能被保存下來，因?yàn)楸４娴谋匾獥l件之一就是迅速掩埋，所以只有在泥沙不斷淤積的海洋和江河里，有時(shí)在湖泊里，尸體之類的東西才能被迅速的覆蓋而保存下來。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　 It is animals and plants (which lived in or near water) whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one (of the necessary conditions) (of preservation) is quick burial ,//and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes ,(where mud and silt have been continuously deposited), that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.此句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是and連接兩個(gè)分句組成的并列句；第一個(gè)分句中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象是animals and plants，其后面括號(hào)中是which引導(dǎo)的定語從句對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的形式較特殊（It is...whose...）；整體而言，第一段的主語是whose remains，謂語是are most likely to be preserved，后面的畫線表達(dá)是for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句；第二個(gè)分句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn)狀語in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes，緊隨其后的是where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，對(duì)其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，that后面是此段分句的主干。

【詞匯精記】 　remains 殘余物，尸體；be most likely to do 最有可能做……；preserve (vt.) 保存；preservation (n.) 保存；burial 埋葬，掩埋；silt 淤泥；deposit 沉淀；the like 類似事物；cover over 覆蓋。

12. It is very rarely that one comes across a dead body, except, of course, on the roads.

【翻譯演練】 　________________________

【參考譯文】 　很少有人遇到這些動(dòng)物的尸體，當(dāng)然除了在道路上。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　 It is very rarely that one comes across a dead body, except, of course, on the roads.此句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是頻度狀語（very rarely）；句子的主干是that后的表達(dá)，主語是one，謂語是comes across，賓語是a dead body，rarely是具有否定含義的頻度狀語，句末except on the roads是表示范圍的狀語。

【詞匯精記】 　rarely 罕見地；comes across （偶然）碰到。

13. It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive.

【翻譯演練】 　______________________________

【參考譯文】 　幾乎總是由于某些特殊的條件，陸地動(dòng)物的遺體才被保存下來。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　 It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive.此句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是due to引導(dǎo)的原因狀語；句子的主干是that后的表達(dá)。

【詞匯精記】 　due to 因?yàn)?；circumstance 環(huán)境，條件（常用復(fù)數(shù)）；trace 痕跡；survive 幸存。

14. It was from Stephen that she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.

【翻譯演練】 　_______________________________

【參考譯文】 　就是從Stephen那里她第一次聽說那位被稱為專家的人。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　 It was from Stephen that she first heard of the man (referred to as a specialist).此句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn)狀語from Stephen，表示謂語動(dòng)詞heard of發(fā)生的具體地點(diǎn)；主干結(jié)構(gòu)是that后面的部分，其中主語是she，謂語是heard of，賓語是the man，句末括號(hào)中是過去分詞短語referred to...作后置定語，修飾前面的the man。

【詞匯精記】 　hear of 聽說；refer to...as... 把……稱之為……；specialist 專家。

15. It was after reading Adam Smith's The wealth of Nations that Jim Green became fascinated by the economic theory.

【翻譯演練】 　_______________________________

【參考譯文】 　就是在讀了Adam Smith所著的《國富論》之后，Jim Green才開始對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論感興趣的。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　 It was after reading Adam Smith's The wealth of Nations that Jim Green became fascinated by the economic theory.此句被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是時(shí)間狀語after...；句子的主干是that后的表達(dá)，其中主語是Jim Green，謂語是became fascinated，狀語是前面被強(qiáng)調(diào)的after...，表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間（時(shí)間狀語），句末介詞短語by...表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。

【詞匯精記】 　Adam Smith 亞當(dāng)·斯密（英國著名的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家）；become fascinated by 變得對(duì)……著迷；wealth 財(cái)富。

16. It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.

【翻譯演練】 　_______________________________

【參考譯文】 　直到到家以后她才記起和醫(yī)生的約會(huì)。

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 　 It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment (with the doctor).此句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語not until...；that后面是句子的主干，其中主語是she，謂語是remembered，賓語是her appointment，句末介詞短語with...作前面appointment的后置定語，被強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象not until...表示謂語動(dòng)詞remembered發(fā)生的時(shí)間；此外還須注意It is/was...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的靈活用法。

【詞匯精記】 　one's appointment with 和某人的約定／約會(huì)。