主語從句后置的情形

主語從句后置的情形

名詞性從句做主語時，在結(jié)構(gòu)形式上會給人一種頭重腳輕的感覺（如上述各例句），為避免這種句式結(jié)構(gòu)的不平衡，常借用代詞it來代替此名詞性從句，而將此從句進行后置，這時的it就是形式主語（假主語），真正的主語是后置的主語從句（真主語）。

【例1】 　 It is a miracle that he survived the earthquake.

【例2】 　 It makes no difference whether he agrees to the plan or not.

【例3】 　 It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else.

【譯文】 　為什么大學(xué)生似乎比任何人都更喜歡惡作劇，從來沒有人解釋得清楚。

常見的it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)有以下四種：

（1）It＋be＋形容詞＋that-從句

It is necessary that... 有必要……

It is important that... 重要的是……

It is obvious that... 很明顯……

It is strange that... 奇怪的是……

It is likely that... 可能的是……

It is true that... 誠然……

【例1】 　 It is quite evident that a storm is coming.

【例2】 　 It is clear to me that he is not a liar but a truth seeker.

（2）It＋be＋-ed分詞＋that-從句

It is believed that... 人們相信……

It is known to all that... 眾所周知……

It has been decided that... 已決定……

It must be pointed out that... 必須指出的是……

It is to be discussed that... 有待討論的是……

It is said that... 據(jù)說……

【例1】 　 It has been decided that the book be revised.

（3）It＋be＋名詞＋that-從句

It is common knowledge that... ……是常識

It is a surprise that... 令人驚奇的是……

It is a pity that... 遺憾的是……

It is no wonder that... 不足為奇的是……

It is a mystery that... 令人感到神秘不解的是……

【例1】 　 It is a little known fact that there were already half a million Germans in America at the time of the American Revolution.

【譯文】 　美國在獨立戰(zhàn)爭時期就已經(jīng)有50萬的德國移民，這是一個鮮為人知的事實。

（4）It＋不及物動詞＋that-從句

It happens that... 碰巧……

It occurred to me that... 我突然想起……

It turned out that... 結(jié)果是……

It seems/appears that... 好像……

【例1】 　It was not until he got to an ATM that it occurred to me that he had left his card at home.

【譯文】 　直到來到自動柜員機面前，我才突然想起他把銀行卡落在了家里。

【例2】 　 It does not matter whether they turn up or not.

【譯文】 　他們來不來沒關(guān)系。