2012年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題匯總(文都版)及答案匯總

Section B

Passage 1

Since I started working part-time at a grocery store, I have learned that a customer is more than someone who buy something. To me, a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she starts to push a shopping card. One of the first things customers forget is how to count. There is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line, which is clearly marked 15 items or less, with 20, 25 or even a cart load of items. Customers also forget why they came to the store in the first place. Just as I finish ringing up an order, a customer will say, “Oops, I forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread. I hope you don’t mind waiting while I go get it.” Five minutes later, he’s back with the bread, a bottle of milk, and three rolls of paper towels. Strange is that seems customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries. Instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while I am ringing up the groceries, my customers will wait until I announce the total. Then, in surprise, she says, “Oh no, what did I do with my check book?” After 5 minutes of digging through her purse, she borrows my pen because she’s forgotten hers. But I have to be tolerant of customers because they pay my salary, and that’s something I can’t afford to forget.

Q26. What does the speaker say about customers’ entering the grocery store?

答案：A. They behave as if their memories have failed totally.

Q27. Which customers are supposed to be in the express line?

答案： D. Those with 15 items or less.

Q28. What does the speaker say some customers do when they arrive at the check-out counter?

答案：B. Go back and pick up more items.

Q29. What does the speaker say about his job at the end of the talk?

答案： A. It requires tolerance.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：本篇短文主要講述了作者在一家雜貨店兼職工作的經(jīng)歷和感受，并深刻地體會(huì)到顧客不僅僅是來(lái)商店買東西的人。作者認(rèn)為，當(dāng)顧客推起一輛購(gòu)物車時(shí)，所有的事情就拋之腦后了。他們不會(huì)算計(jì)一件商品值多少錢，他們忘了自己來(lái)商店要買什么，他們甚至忘記要為商品付錢，他們不知道東西買夠沒(méi)有就去收銀臺(tái)排隊(duì)結(jié)賬，當(dāng)收銀員開(kāi)始掃顧客的商品時(shí)，顧客又會(huì)跑回去拿很多商品回來(lái)，更需要收銀員提醒付錢，但這都是作者作為收銀員所應(yīng)忍受的，因?yàn)?ldquo;顧客是上帝”，這是作者不敢忘記也是從這次經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到的事情。

這篇文章基本上沒(méi)有生僻的詞匯，以敘述為主。但是其中有幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)需要關(guān)注：grocery store意為“雜貨店”;ring up意為“用收銀機(jī)記錄收入的錢，收銀機(jī)掃條形碼”;credit card意為“信用卡”。理解了這些詞，對(duì)聽(tīng)力的整體理解會(huì)有提升。

Passage 2

The speech delivery style of Europeans and Asians tends to be very formal.Speakers of these cultures often read oral presentations from carefully retain manual scripts. On the other hand, American speakers are generally more informal relative to speakers and other cultures. American audiences prefernatural, spontaneous delivery that conveys a lively sense of communication. They don’t relay well to speakers who read from a manual script. If you use an outline of your ideas instead of a prepare text, your speech will not only sound more natural, but you will also be able to establish better relationship with your listeners and keep their attention. The language and style you use when making an oral presentation should not be the same as the language in style you use when writing. Well retain information, that is meant to be read, does not work aswell when it is heard. It is, therefore, important for you to adapt retain texts or outlines for presentations. Good speakers are much more informal when speaking than when writing. They also use their own words and develop their own speaking styles. Whenever possible, they use short words. Listeners are appreciated when speakers use simple, everyday words in a presentation. One advantage is that it is much easier for speakers to pronounce short words correctly. Another is that long and sophisticated vocabulary choices make listening more difficult.

Question 30 to 32

30. What does the speaker say American audiences prefer?

答案：D. A natural and spontaneous style of speech.

31. What should one pay attention to when making an oral presentation?

答案： B. Differences in style between writing and speaking.

32. What does the speaker focus on in the talk?

答案：A. The key to becoming a good speaker.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：本篇文章重點(diǎn)分析了成為一名優(yōu)秀的演講者的關(guān)鍵因素。歐洲人和亞洲人的演講風(fēng)格往往是趨于比較正式的，而美國(guó)人的演講風(fēng)格是自然、自發(fā)、生動(dòng)地傳遞表達(dá)信息，這也正是聽(tīng)眾所喜歡的方式。同時(shí)，做口頭報(bào)告時(shí)應(yīng)注意寫作和口語(yǔ)所要求的風(fēng)格差異，有了這樣的認(rèn)識(shí)后，你才能在今后的演講中運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)短貼近生活的言語(yǔ)表達(dá)自己的想法，形成自己的演講風(fēng)格，成為一名優(yōu)秀的演講者。

這篇文章相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)太難的生詞，較容易理解。整個(gè)內(nèi)容就圍繞一個(gè)主題展開(kāi)，清晰明了，只要能抓住此主題線索，整篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)就一目了然了。

Passage 3

A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He compares a thousand times a day the difference between language as he uses it and language as those around him use it. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, kids learning to do all the other things they learn without adult teachers, to walk, run, climb, ride a bike, play games, compare their own performance with what more skilled people do, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to detect his mistakes. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him. Soon he becomes dependent on the expert. We should let him do it himself. Let him figure out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what is the answer to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or that.

If right answers need to be given, as in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such tedious work? Our job should be to help the children when they tell us that they can’t find the way to get the right answer.

Question 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Q33 How does a child learn to do something according to the speaker?

答案：D. By comparing his performance with others.

Q34 What belief do teachers commonly hold according to the speaker?

答案：C. Children cannot detect their own mistakes.

Q35 What does the speaker imply about the current way of teaching?

答案：A. It is unhelpful to students’ learning.

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

本篇文章主要論述要讓孩子們學(xué)著自己判斷事情。目前的教學(xué)方法對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)沒(méi)有什么幫助作用，老師認(rèn)為學(xué)生不能發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己身上的錯(cuò)誤，孩子習(xí)得一件事情是通過(guò)把自己的行為和其他人的行為作對(duì)比而來(lái)的，而這就逐漸讓孩子們失去了自己，變成了其他人，從而慢慢產(chǎn)生依賴感。文章結(jié)尾暗示作者對(duì)這種教學(xué)方法是不贊成的，同時(shí)，提出老師的工作是應(yīng)該幫助孩子們找到正確答案的方法，而不是什么都為他們做好安排好。

Section C

Time is, for the average American, of utmost importance. To the foreign visitor, Americans seem to be more concerned with getting things accomplished on time (according to a predetermined schedule) than they are with developing deep interpersonal relations. Schedules, for the American, are meant to be planned and then followed in the smallest detail.

It may seem to you that most Americans are completely controlled by the little machines they wear on their wrists, cutting their discussions off abruptly to make it to their next appointment on time.

Americans’ language is filled with references to time, giving a clear indication of how much it is valued. Time is something to be “on,” to be “kept,” “filled,” “saved,” “wasted,” “gained,” “planned,” “given,” “made the most of,” even “killed.”

The international visitor soon learns that it is considered very rude to be late -- even by 10 minutes -- for an appointment in America.

Time is so valued in America, because by considering time to be important one can clearly achieve more than if one “wastes” time and doesn’t keep busy. This philosophy has proven its worth. It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America. Many American proverbs stress the value of guarding time, using it wisely, and setting and working toward specific goals. Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.

答案：

36. foreign

37. accomplished

38. interpersonal

39. detail.

40. controlled

41. abruptly

42. references

43. indication

44. it is considered very rude to be late -- even by 10 minutes -- for an appointment in America.

45. It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America.

46. Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文討論的是美國(guó)人的時(shí)間觀念。開(kāi)頭提出美國(guó)人非?？粗貢r(shí)間規(guī)劃，以至于到了被認(rèn)為“手表控制人”的地步，接下來(lái)從語(yǔ)言角度給出證明，最后又從原因角度解釋說(shuō)明。

本文的難點(diǎn)在于，開(kāi)頭有長(zhǎng)難句，包含插入語(yǔ)、比較級(jí)等，容易造成困擾。而在語(yǔ)言角度探討時(shí)，有給出一系列動(dòng)詞，容易出現(xiàn)漏聽(tīng)及注意力分散。同時(shí)，utmost, abruptly, reference, philosophy, productivity等較難詞匯也會(huì)帶來(lái)一定困擾。

空格整體分布較為均勻，除第三段兩空間隔較近，第二個(gè)容易錯(cuò)過(guò)外，其它空填寫時(shí)間均較為充足。所填詞語(yǔ)格式比較重要，如-ed，-s等均是不可漏過(guò)的細(xì)節(jié)。